Cjs Exam

Front 1

Liberation hypothesis

Back 1

The unconscious influence of value judgments on jurors

Front 2

Jury nullification

Back 2

Jury's power to ignore the law and decide cases according to informal extralegal considerations

Front 3

12 member juries: Williams vs Florida

Back 3

Courts used to have 12 member jury is with a unanimous verdict, the Supreme Court held that six-member juries didn't violate the Sixth Amendment which ensures accurate independent fact-finding; not everybody agrees

Front 4

jury list

Back 4

Names are taken from a variety of sources such as: voter registration lists, tax rolls, even the list of drivers licenses; excluding miners, people who can't speak English, felons, and recent residents

Front 5

Jury panel

Back 5

People from the jury list actually called for jury duty

Front 6

Straight pleas

Back 6

Defendants plead guilty hoping for a more lenient sentence after pleading guilty

Front 7

Negotiated pleas

Back 7

Defendants arrange some kind of deal for a reduced charge or sentence before pleading guilty

Front 8

Relevant evidence

Back 8

Evidence that helps prove the elements of the crime

Front 9

Prejudicial evidence

Back 9

Events whose power to damage the defendant is greater than its power to prove the government's case

Front 10

Hearsay evidence

Back 10

Evidence not known directly by the witness

Front 11

Jury instructions

Back 11

Instructions from the judge that explains the role of the jury the law and what proof beyond a reasonable doubt mean

Front 12

Jury deliberations

Back 12

After the charge the jury retires to a room to decide whether the prosecution proved its case beyond reasonable doubt

Front 13

Factual guilt

Back 13

Guilty in fact but not proven or provable in court

Front 14

Legal guilt

Back 14

Guilt proven or provable in court

Front 15

Retribution

Back 15

Punishes criminals for past crimes because they deserve it

Front 16

Prevention

Back 16

Punishes criminals to deter future crime

Front 17

Restitution

Back 17

Offenders pay back victims in money for losses they caused

Front 18

Restoration

Back 18

Aims to heal victims and restore relationships

Front 19

Culpability

Back 19

Assume the vendors are responsible for their actions and have to suffer the consequences if they act irresponsibly

Front 20

Special deterrence

Back 20

Teaches convicted criminals that crime doesn't pay

Front 21

General deterrence

Back 21

Send a message to people thinking about committing crime that crime doesn't pay

Front 22

Incapacitation

Back 22

confines criminals so they can't commit crimes while they're locked up

Front 23

Rehabilitation

Back 23

Aims to change criminals into people who work hard and play by the rules

Front 24

Determinate sentencing

Back 24

Legislatures attach specific punishments to crimes

Front 25

Indeterminate sentencing

Back 25

Legislature is set only the outer limits of possible penalties the judges in the corrections professionals decide actual sentence length

Front 26

Mandatory minimum sentence laws

Back 26

Offenders have to spend at least some time (the mandatory minimum laid out in the law) in prison

Front 27

Sentencing guidelines

Back 27

Fixed but flexible sentences based on balancing the seriousness of the offense and the criminal history of the offender

Front 28

Probation

Back 28

You substitute for confinement in prison or jail

Front 29

Parole

Back 29

follows confinement in prison

Front 30

Corrections

Back 30

The final stage of becoming a process incarceration probation parole or intermediate punishment

Front 31

John Augustus

Back 31

A Boston shoemaker who became the first probation officer who took in and "saved" Boston criminals by finding them jobs

Front 32

Probationers

Back 32

Legally accountable to the state and subject to conditions that limit their freedom and privacy

Front 33

Discretionary release

Back 33

Parole boards decide the date of prisoners released and set the conditions of their community supervision until their sentence expires

Front 34

Mandatory release

Back 34

Legislators and judges at the date of prisoners released in the conditions of their community supervision until their sentence expires

Front 35

Expiration release

Back 35

Prisoners are released unconditionally when their sentence expires

Front 36

Case study

Back 36

A professional collects information combined it in a unique way, mulls over the results, and reaches a decision.

Front 37

Risk assessment method

Back 37

A statistical prediction based on the seriousness of the crime offenders are in prison for and their criminal history

Front 38

Recidivism

Back 38

arrest, charge, or conviction for a new crime

Front 39

Technical violations

Back 39

Violations of conditions that aren't crimes

Front 40

Either/or corrections

Back 40

Convicted offenders are either locked up or put on probation

Front 41

Intermediate punishments

Back 41

Harsher than probation but milder than imprisonment they allow us to accomplish the mission of justice

Front 42

day fines

Back 42

Base fines on the daily income of offenders

Front 43

Community service

Back 43

Intermediate punishment that orders offenders to work without pay at projects that benefit the public

Front 44

day reporting centers

Back 44

intermediate punishments that combines high levels of surveillance and extensive services treatments or activities