Cj Test 4.2

Front 1

Which definition is this?

The size of the correctional population an institution can effectively hold. There are three three types of prison capacity: rated, operational, and design.

Back 1

Prison capacity.

Front 2

Which definition is this?

The number of inmates a prison can handle according to the judgement of experts.

Back 2

Rated capacity.

Front 3

Which definition is this?

The number of inmates a prison can effectively accomodate based on management considerations.

Back 3

Operational capacity.

Front 4

Which definition is this?

The number of inmates a prison was intended to hold when it was built or modified.

Back 4

Design capacity.

Front 5

What does the term maximum security prison entail?

Back 5

-All about lock up. 23/7
-2 or 3 baths a week,
-excercise for one hr
-For the worst of the worst prisoners
-masonry walls & barbed wire fences
-no rehab programs
-purely punishment

Front 6

What does the term medium security prison entail?

Back 6

-most popular kind
-lock down all night and part of the day
-can walk the yards
-can be rehabilitated
-mainly drug traffickers, theives, violent people-but not the worst ones.

Front 7

What does the term minimum security prison entail?

Back 7

-For trusties on their way out of prison
-people are most likely to escape from these
-small time criminals.

Front 8

What does the term ADX entail?

Back 8

-Federal penn
-worst of the worst
-built in 94'
-holds about 400 ppl
-these ppl usually get life
-legit and secretive
-underground enterence
-23/7 lock up
-small cells
-slight of light only

Front 9

What are the purposes of jails?

Back 9

-They recieve individuals pending arraignment and hold them awaiting trial, conviction, and sentencing,
-They readmit probation, parole, and bail bond violatiors, and offenders.
-They temporarily detain juveniles, the mentally ill, and others pending transfer to other facilities.
-They hold individuals for miliary, for protective custody, for contempt, and for courts as witnesses.
-They release convicted inmates into the community upon completion of their sentence.
-They tranfer inmates to federal, state or other authorities.
-They house inmates for federal, state or other authorities, bc of overcrowding
-They operate community based programs with day reporting, home detention, electronic monitoring, and other types of supervision
-They hold inmates who have short sentences.

Front 10

What are the characteristics of jail inmates?

Back 10

Unmarried, black male, btwen 25-34, with some high school education.

Front 11

What are the trends in jail and prison populations/incarceration?

Back 11

They are growing growing growing.

Front 12

What are the rates of prison incarceration by race?

Back 12

-56% minority groups
-38.6% AA
-15.6% hispanic
-1.8% as other minorities

44% white

Front 13

What does privitization mean?

Back 13

The movement toward the wider use of private prisons.

Front 14

Which definition is this?

An enclosed facility separated from society both socially and physically, where the inhabitants share all aspects of their daily lives.

Back 14

Total institution.

Front 15

Which definition is this?

The values and behavioral patterns characteristic of prison inmates. Prison subculture has been found to be surprisingly consistent across the country.

Back 15

Prison subculture.

Front 16

Which definition is this?

The process whereby newly institutionalized offenders come to accept prison lifestyles and criminal values. Although many inmates begin their prison experience with only a few values that support criminal behavior, the socialization experience they undergo while incarcerated lead to a much greater acceptance of such values.

Back 16

Prisonization.

Front 17

Which definition is this?

The slang characteristic of prison subcultures and prison life.

Back 17

Prison argot.

Front 18

Which definition is this?

A principle developed by the courts and applied to the corrections arena by Pell v. Procunier (1974), that attempts to weigh the rights of an individual, as guaranteed by the constitution, against the authority of states to make laws or to otherwise restrict a person's freedom in order to protect the state's interests and its citizens.

Back 18

Balancing Test.

Front 19

Which definition is this?

A formalized arrangement, usually involving a neutral hearing board, whereby institutionalized individuals have the opportunity to register complaints about the conditions of their confinement.

Back 19

Grievance procedure.

Front 20

What are the types of prison inmates-Irwin?

Back 20

-The mean dude
-the hedonist
-the opportunist
-the retreatist
-the legalist
-the radical
-the colonizer
-the religious
-the gang banger
-the realist

Front 21

Which prison inmate type is this?

Some inmates adjust to prison by benig violent. Other inmates know that these prisoners are best left alone. This type is frequently written up and spends much time in solitary confinment. This role is most common in males and in maximum security prisons. This role can be similar to the ones played in their life prior to being incarcerated. Certain personality types such as the psychopath, may feel a natural attraction to this role. Prison culture supports violence in two ways.

Back 21

The mean dude.

Front 22

Which prison inmate type is this?

Some inmates build their lives around the limited pleasures available within the confines of prison. The smuggling of contraband, homosexuality, gambling, drug running, and other officially condemned activities provide the center of interest for this type. They generally have an abbreviated view of the future, living only for the "now"

Back 22

The hedonist.

Front 23

Which prison inmate type is this?

This type takes advantage of the positive experiences prison has to offer. Schooling, trade, training, couseling, and other self-improvement activitiesa are the focal points of their life in prison. They are generally well liked by the prison staff, but other prisoners shun and mistrust them bc they come closest to accepting the role that staff defines as "model prisoner"

Back 23

The opportunist.

Front 24

Which prison inmate type is this?

Prison life is rigorous and demanding. Badgering by the staff and actual or feared assults by other inmates may cause some prisoners to attempt psycholocial retreat from the realities of imprisonment. Such inmates may experience neurotic or psychotic episodes, become heavily involved in drug and alcohol abuse though the illicit prison economy, or even attempt suicide. Depression and mental illness are the hallmarks of this type.

Back 24

The retreatist.

Front 25

Which prison inmate type is this?

This type is the jailhouse lawyer. Convicts facing long sentences, with little possibility for early release through the correctional system, are most likely to turn to the courts in their battle against confinement.

Back 25

The legalist.

Front 26

Which prison inmate type is this?

This type of inmate view themself as a politcal prisoner. They see society and the successful conformist who populate it as oppressors who have forced criminality on many "good people" through the creation of a system that distributes wealth and power inequitably. The inmate who takes on this role is unlikely to recieve much sympathy from prison staff.

Back 26

The radical.

Front 27

Which prison inmate type is this?

Some inmates think of prison as their home and don't look forward to leaving, They know the ropes and have many friends inside, and may feel more comfortable institutionalized than on the streets. They typically hold positions of power or respect among the inmate population. Once released, some of them commit new crimes to return to prison.

Back 27

The colonizer.

Front 28

Which prison inmate type is this?

Some prisoners profess a strong religious faith. They may be 'born again' christians, commtted muslims, or even satanists or witches. This type of inmates frequently attend services, may form prayer groups, and sometimes ask the prison administration to allocate meeting facilities or to create special diets to accomodate their spiritual needs. While it is certainly true that some inmates have a strong religious faith, staff members are apt to be suspicious of this prisoner.

Back 28

The religious.

Front 29

Which prison inmate type is this?

This inmate is affiliated with prison gangs and depends upon the gang for defense and protection. They display gang signs, sport gang tats, and use their gang membership as an channel for the procurment of desired goods and services both inside and outside of prison.

Back 29

The gang banger.

Front 30

Which prison inmate type is this?

This prisoner sees confinement as a natural consequence of criminal activity and as an unfortunate cost of doing business. The stoic attitude toward prison life generally leads to them pulling their own time and to make the best of it. They tend to know prison code, are able to aviod trouble, and continue in lives of crime once released.

Back 30

The realist.

Front 31

What are Clemmers nine structural dimensions of inmate society?

Back 31

1) prisoner-staff dichotomy
2) three general class of prisoners
3) work gangs and cell-house groups
4) racial groups
5) type of offense
6) power of inmate "politicians"
7) degree of sexual abnormality
8) record of repeat offenses
9) personality differences due to preprison socialization.

Front 32

What are Bowkers observations concerning homosexuality in prisons?

Back 32

-Most sexual aggressor do not consider themselves homosexuals
-Sexual release is not the primary motivation for sexual attack
-Many aggressors must continue to participate in gang rapes to avoid becoming victims themselves.
-The aggressors have themselves suffered much damage to their masculinity in the past.

Front 33

What are the explanations for the rise in female prison incarceration?

Back 33

sexual abuse.

Front 34

What are the descriptions of female inmates and institutions made by the American Correctional Association?

Back 34

-Most prisons for women are located in towns fewer than 25,000 inhabitants.
-A significant number of facilities were not designed to house female inmates.
-Some facilities that house female inmates also house men.
-Few facilities for women have programs especially designed for female offenders
-Few major disturbances or escapes are reported among female inmates
-Substance abuse among female inmates is very high
-Few work assignments are available for female inmates.

Front 35

What causes prison riots?

Back 35

-Ignoring inmates demands
-organized violence toward each other
-dehumanizing prison conditions
-A desire to regulate inmate society
-changes in prison admin

Front 36

What happened in Attica? What were the demands to end the riots?

Back 36

43 deaths occurred and more than 80 ppl were injured during a prison riot.

1) no retaliation by officials
2) review of medical staffing and care
3) review of mail and visitation rules
4) review of comissionary prices
5) better enforcement of what inmates called "inappropriate supervision"

Front 37

What are Trojanowicz’s five types of intervention programs?

Back 37

1) pure prevention
2) rehabilitative
3) punitive
4) corrective
5) mechanical programs

Front 38

What are Spergel and Curry’s four types of gang intervention strategies?

Back 38

1) Community organization
2) social intervention
3) Opportunity programs
4) supression efforts

Front 39

What do community organization programs entail?

Back 39

Include programs that tend to involve members of the neighborhood or community directly in delinquency prevention and anti-gang activities.

Front 40

What do social intervention programs entail?

Back 40

Includes outreach programs and counseling programs designed to prevent gang delinquency, reduce gang membership, or rechannel gang activity into more constructive persuits.

Front 41

What do Opportunity programs entail?

Back 41

Include job training, provision of employment, and education programs designed to attack the causes of gang envolvement and delinquency.

Front 42

What do supression effort programs entail?

Back 42

Include arrest, incarceration, and supervision of gang members in order to prevent delinquency.

Front 43

What does primary prevention mean?

Back 43

Prevention beginning before the individual has been exposed to gangs.

Front 44

What does secondary prevention mean?

Back 44

Prevention techniques used after gang exposure, but before there is a strong committment to the gang.

Front 45

What does tertiary prevention mean?

Back 45

Preventions techniques used after the individual has joined a gang and become heavily involved in gang activities.

Front 46

What does suppression invovle?

Back 46

Attempts by the justice system to reduce gang activity and reduce gang related illegal behavior through arrest, sentencing and incarceration.

Front 47

What are the most common strategies for dealing with youth gangs?

Back 47

Suppression and social intervention.

Front 48

What are Mckinney’s two steps to deal with the escalating violence of youth gangs?

Back 48

-Reform of the youth justice system so that it holds youth offenders more accountable for their legal actions.
-invested efforts to keep youths from joining gangs

Front 49

What are the goals of the legal system?

Back 49

-Incapacitation of offenders
-deterrence
-rehabilitation

Front 50

What are the targets or objects of deterrence?

Back 50

-preventing initiation of offending (primary deterrence)
-or repetition of offending (secondary deterrence)