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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Problems in the church |
1.) marriages were against church rulings 2.) positions in the church were sold by bishops (simony) 3.) the practice of lay investiture put kings in control of church Bishops, church reformers believe to bishops should be appointed by the church alone |
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Reformers |
-People who wanted to return to the basic principles of the Christian religion -new religious orders were founded - started the age of faith because they restored and expanded the church's power and authority |
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Crusades |
-"holy war" made to gain control of holy land -military expeditions was to recover Jerusalem in the Holy Land from the Muslim Turks - Pope Urban the second promise that Knights who died on the crusade were assured a place in heaven - wanted to get rid of non trustable sons and knight who liked to start quarrels -Won narrow strip of land -in the 100 Crusades became increasingly common and unsuccessful + turned more as personal gain rather then religious Spanish Crusade -reconquista was long effort to drive Muslims out of Spain |
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Heritics |
People whose religious beliefs differed from the teachings of the Church Inquisition was a tribunal held by the church to suppress heresy People who are suspected of Heresy are inspected and even tortured Once suspects confessed, they were burned at the stake |
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Effects of the Crusade |
Bad Failure of later Crusades lessened power of Pope Thousands of Knights lost lives and fortunes Left bad impact on Muslims because Good Simulated trade between Europe and Southwest Asia + many good trades at imported Trade with West (Muslims and Jewish) |
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Feudalism structures society |
-the system of governing and land holding -based on mutual obligations -in engage for military service lord granted fief (land) to vassal -feudalism depended on the control of land
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The feudal pyramid |
King Vassals-- wealthy landowners such as nobles and bishops Knight - mounted warriors who pledged to defend their swords and land in exchange for fiefs Landless peasants - toiled the fields |
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Serfs |
- people who could not lawfully leave the place where they were born |
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Manor |
- the Lords estate - Manor system was the basic economic arrangement between lords and serfs - Lord provided surface with housing, strips of farmland, and protection from bandits -In return serfs care for animals and do other tasks to maintain the estate Many rules on what community could do such as marriage and living on the Lords land |
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Knights |
Chivalry was a complex set of ideals that demanded a Knight fight bravely for his feudal Lord, heavenly Lord, and chosen lady |
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Troubadour |
Poet musiciansat the castles and courts of Europe + compose short verses and songs about the joys and sorrows of romantic love |
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The great schism |
The division of the church due to both popes not getting along |
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The black death |
Plague that spread -town populations fell -trade declined -prices rose -workers were scarce everywhere, farmland wad abandoned, serfs were unpaid and lame to find better service -church suffered lost of prestige when prayers failed to stop onslaught and many clergy deserted flocks or charged high fees to perform service of the dying |
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The Hundred years war |
When the last king died without a successor England Edward the third claimed the right to the French throne as grand son of Philip the 6th the war that Edward the third launched for that throne continued on and off from 1337 to1453 -The war was a seesaw fought on French soil -victory passed back and forth between the two countries -finally the French rallied and drove the English out of France entirely |
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Joan of arc |
-A French teenage peasant girl felt moved by God to rescue France from English conquers -joan of arc guided French onto path of victory |
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Impact of the war |
-Raised power and prestige of French monarch -Gave both countries feel of nationalism -People thought of king as national leader fighting for glory of country Year of roses -two noble houses that fought for throne End is consisted end of middle ages (intense religious devotion and the code of Chivalry failed) |
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Kings and popes |
William the conquerer- claimed english crown and invaded england with a Norman army, ambitious tough and imposing figure Phillip the second- increased territory of France, created stronger central government, created bailiffs who collected taxes, Louis IX- created a french appeals court that overturned the delicious of local courts, strengthened the monarchy , created third state commoners and church leaders first state, great lords second state Pope boniface- attempted to enforce authority on on kings like previous popes, ended up getting arrested and died a month later John wycliffe: preached that Jesus was full head of church and that bible was was final authority for Christian life Jan has - taught that authority of bible was higher then the pope |
