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41 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Causes of the Civil War
1. Popular Sovereignty
2. Bleeding Kansas
3. Slavery
4. 1859 John Brown Harper's Ferry
5. Election of 1860 Abraham Lincoln
Popular Sovereignty
-The idea that each territory could decide for itself whether or not to allow slavery
-Rule by the people
Arguments For Slavery
-worked the fields to help plantation owners grow their crops
-way of life
Arguments Against Slavery
-it violated the principals of natural rights to life liberty embodied in the Declaration of Independence
-people were treated as property
Arguments For Secession
-South being forced into change
-property rights
-protection of minority rights,
-North exploiting South economically
-Southern expansion restricted by geography,
-fight for liberty
-can voluntarily withdraw from Constitution
Arguments Against Secession
-US started as dependent colonies
-Union is older,
-Articles of Confederation call Union perpetual
-Constitution refers to people of US not states
John Brown/Harper's Ferry Raid
-Abolitionist who led a raid and killed 5 proslavery people in Kansas
-Raided an arsenal in Harper's Ferry, VA
-Wanted to give weapons to slaves & lead a slave revolt
-Found guilty of treason and murder & sentenced to death
Abraham Lincoln
-Republican president who gave a speech about a "house divided"
-President with little political or military experience who proved to be a patient leader & good war planner
-Wrote Emancipation Proclamation & gave Gettysburg Address
-Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth
Jefferson Davis
President of the Confederate States of America
Strengths of the Union
-Larger population
-More factories to make supplies/weapons
-More effective railroad networks
-Strong navy with lots of ships for battles & supplies
-Better banking system
Strengths of Confederacy
-Defending homeland/way of life
-Knew the countryside better
-Woods helped provide cover
-Excellent military leaders
Weaknesses of Union
-Large area to conquer
-Didn't know the area
-More easily attacked because supply line was longer
-Few military leaders
Weaknesses of Confederacy
-few factories to produce weapons/supplies
-few railroads to move troops/supplies
-Confederate government couldn't get stuff done
-small population
-1/3 of Southern plantation populations were slaves
-small navy, few warships or merchant ships
Anaconda Plan & Confederate Strategy
Anaconda (Union) Plan:
1. Capture Richmond 2. Invade the South
3. Blockade the Confederacy 4. Capture Mississippi
Confederate Strategy:

1. Get help (England or Mexico)


2. War of attrition


3. Capture Washington D.C.

Battle of Fort Sumter
-April 12, 1861
-One of Union's few forts located in South Carolina
-Important to the Confederacy because it guarded Charleston Harbor
-Confederates demanded surrender of it & Union commander refused
-Fought over it until Union troops ran out of ammunition
-On April 13, Anderson, Union commander, surrendered the fort
Significance of the Battle of 1st Bull Run
-Showed that both sides needed training
-Predicted a long/bloody war
-Confederate victory
-First major battle of the Civil War
-1861
George McClellan
Commander of the Union Army who was very cautious about going into
battle
Robert E. Lee
Commander of the Confederate Army
Ulysses S. Grant
-led the Union to defeat the Confederacy in the Civil War
-president of US who had a corrupt administration
Thomas J. Stonewall Jackson
Confederate general who was Lee's right hand man
Battle of Antietam
-Union claimed victory because Confederates withdrew
-McClellan stopped Lee but still wasn't able to win
-Bloodiest battle in American history, 23,000 died
-Lincoln replaced McClellan with Burnside
Ironclad Warships
-metal ships that are impossible to destroy
-first battle met on a river, the fighting lasted two days, the result was indecisive
-Merrimack vs. Monitor
Effect of the War on the Northern Economy
-soldiers needed jobs
-factories laying off workers
-temporary problems because few battles took place in the North
Effect of the War on the Southern Economy
-most places had been destroyed (homes, barns, etc)
-2/3 of railroad had been turned into scrap metal
-major cities leveled
-Confederate money was useless
-people went bankrupt
Emancipation Proclamation
-Lincoln's plan to free slaves
-announced after Union victory
-made Union troops fight to count AND end slavery
-Europeans supported the plan so the South lost their support
Frederick Douglass
an escaped slave who became a noted abolitionist leader
54th Massachusetts Regiment
-Union troop that accepted African Americans
-Frederick Douglass helped recruit for it
William Tecumseh Sherman
-Union General who destroyed South during "march to the sea" from Atlanta to Savannah
-example of total war
Battle of Chancellorsville
-Confederate General Robert E. Lee's last major victory -General "Stonewall" Jackson died from being wounded in this battle
Battle of Gettysburg
-July, 1863
-Turning point of the War
-made it clear the North would win
-50,000 people died
-South lost its chance to invade the North
Battle of Vicksburg
-July, 1863
-Union gains control of Mississippi
-Confederacy split in two
-Grant takes lead of Union armies
-Devastating loss for South
-Total war begins
Sherman's March to the Sea
-Sherman led some 60000 troops on a march south across Georgia
-burned cities and destroyed everything in his path
-killed civilians, destroyed crops
-Sherman believed in total war
Andersonville
-most infamous prison in the south
-no shelter
-a huge population
-food shortages, overcrowding
-disease that killed about 100 men a day during the summer months
Fall of the Confederacy
-April 9. 1865
-Appomatox Courthouse, VA
-Union Victory
-Lee surrendered to Grant
Legacy of the Civil War
-freedom for the slaves
-high numbers died
-caused political, economic, technological, and social change
John Wilkes Booth
-Was an American stage actor
-Part of a conspiracy plot
-Assassinated Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. on April 14, 1865
Andrew Johnson
17th president of the United States, came to office after Lincoln's assassination and opposed Radical Republicans; he was impeached
Different Reconstruction Plans
-Radical Reconstruction had the Republicans taking over Congress, states had to write new constitutions, ratify the 14th amendment, let African Americans vote & Confederate officers were banned from voting
-Reconstruction Act threw out the state governments that refused to ratify the 14th Amendment, divided the south into 5 military districts, Army was given power to reinforce things, states had to write new constitutions, ratify the 14th Amendment & allow African Americans to vote
Opposition to Reconstruction
-KKK opposed rights for blacks to they acted out violently
-white southerners opposed reconstruction
Effects of Reconstruction
-Union is restored
-African Americans gain citizenship and voting rights
-South's economy and infrastracture are improved
-Southern states establish public school system
-KKK and other groups terrorize Africans
-Sharecropping system takes hold in South
-Led to Black Codes and Jim Crow laws