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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Causes of the Civil War
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1. Popular Sovereignty
2. Bleeding Kansas 3. Slavery 4. 1859 John Brown Harper's Ferry 5. Election of 1860 Abraham Lincoln |
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Popular Sovereignty
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-The idea that each territory could decide for itself whether or not to allow slavery
-Rule by the people |
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Arguments For Slavery
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-worked the fields to help plantation owners grow their crops
-way of life |
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Arguments Against Slavery
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-it violated the principals of natural rights to life liberty embodied in the Declaration of Independence
-people were treated as property |
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Arguments For Secession
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-South being forced into change
-property rights -protection of minority rights, -North exploiting South economically -Southern expansion restricted by geography, -fight for liberty -can voluntarily withdraw from Constitution |
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Arguments Against Secession
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-US started as dependent colonies
-Union is older, -Articles of Confederation call Union perpetual -Constitution refers to people of US not states |
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John Brown/Harper's Ferry Raid
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-Abolitionist who led a raid and killed 5 proslavery people in Kansas
-Raided an arsenal in Harper's Ferry, VA -Wanted to give weapons to slaves & lead a slave revolt -Found guilty of treason and murder & sentenced to death |
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Abraham Lincoln
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-Republican president who gave a speech about a "house divided"
-President with little political or military experience who proved to be a patient leader & good war planner -Wrote Emancipation Proclamation & gave Gettysburg Address -Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth |
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Jefferson Davis
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President of the Confederate States of America
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Strengths of the Union
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-Larger population
-More factories to make supplies/weapons -More effective railroad networks -Strong navy with lots of ships for battles & supplies -Better banking system |
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Strengths of Confederacy
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-Defending homeland/way of life
-Knew the countryside better -Woods helped provide cover -Excellent military leaders |
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Weaknesses of Union
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-Large area to conquer
-Didn't know the area -More easily attacked because supply line was longer -Few military leaders |
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Weaknesses of Confederacy
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-few factories to produce weapons/supplies
-few railroads to move troops/supplies -Confederate government couldn't get stuff done -small population -1/3 of Southern plantation populations were slaves -small navy, few warships or merchant ships |
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Anaconda Plan & Confederate Strategy
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Anaconda (Union) Plan:
1. Capture Richmond 2. Invade the South 3. Blockade the Confederacy 4. Capture Mississippi |
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Confederate Strategy:
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1. Get help (England or Mexico) 2. War of attrition 3. Capture Washington D.C. |
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Battle of Fort Sumter
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-April 12, 1861
-One of Union's few forts located in South Carolina -Important to the Confederacy because it guarded Charleston Harbor -Confederates demanded surrender of it & Union commander refused -Fought over it until Union troops ran out of ammunition -On April 13, Anderson, Union commander, surrendered the fort |
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Significance of the Battle of 1st Bull Run
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-Showed that both sides needed training
-Predicted a long/bloody war -Confederate victory -First major battle of the Civil War -1861 |
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George McClellan
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Commander of the Union Army who was very cautious about going into
battle |
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Robert E. Lee
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Commander of the Confederate Army
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Ulysses S. Grant
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-led the Union to defeat the Confederacy in the Civil War
-president of US who had a corrupt administration |
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Thomas J. Stonewall Jackson
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Confederate general who was Lee's right hand man
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Battle of Antietam
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-Union claimed victory because Confederates withdrew
-McClellan stopped Lee but still wasn't able to win -Bloodiest battle in American history, 23,000 died -Lincoln replaced McClellan with Burnside |
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Ironclad Warships
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-metal ships that are impossible to destroy
-first battle met on a river, the fighting lasted two days, the result was indecisive -Merrimack vs. Monitor |
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Effect of the War on the Northern Economy
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-soldiers needed jobs
-factories laying off workers -temporary problems because few battles took place in the North |
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Effect of the War on the Southern Economy
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-most places had been destroyed (homes, barns, etc)
-2/3 of railroad had been turned into scrap metal -major cities leveled -Confederate money was useless -people went bankrupt |
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Emancipation Proclamation
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-Lincoln's plan to free slaves
-announced after Union victory -made Union troops fight to count AND end slavery -Europeans supported the plan so the South lost their support |
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Frederick Douglass
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an escaped slave who became a noted abolitionist leader
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54th Massachusetts Regiment
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-Union troop that accepted African Americans
-Frederick Douglass helped recruit for it |
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William Tecumseh Sherman
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-Union General who destroyed South during "march to the sea" from Atlanta to Savannah
-example of total war |
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Battle of Chancellorsville
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-Confederate General Robert E. Lee's last major victory -General "Stonewall" Jackson died from being wounded in this battle
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Battle of Gettysburg
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-July, 1863
-Turning point of the War -made it clear the North would win -50,000 people died -South lost its chance to invade the North |
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Battle of Vicksburg
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-July, 1863
-Union gains control of Mississippi -Confederacy split in two -Grant takes lead of Union armies -Devastating loss for South -Total war begins |
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Sherman's March to the Sea
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-Sherman led some 60000 troops on a march south across Georgia
-burned cities and destroyed everything in his path -killed civilians, destroyed crops -Sherman believed in total war |
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Andersonville
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-most infamous prison in the south
-no shelter -a huge population -food shortages, overcrowding -disease that killed about 100 men a day during the summer months |
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Fall of the Confederacy
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-April 9. 1865
-Appomatox Courthouse, VA -Union Victory -Lee surrendered to Grant |
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Legacy of the Civil War
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-freedom for the slaves
-high numbers died -caused political, economic, technological, and social change |
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John Wilkes Booth
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-Was an American stage actor
-Part of a conspiracy plot -Assassinated Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. on April 14, 1865 |
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Andrew Johnson
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17th president of the United States, came to office after Lincoln's assassination and opposed Radical Republicans; he was impeached
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Different Reconstruction Plans
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-Radical Reconstruction had the Republicans taking over Congress, states had to write new constitutions, ratify the 14th amendment, let African Americans vote & Confederate officers were banned from voting
-Reconstruction Act threw out the state governments that refused to ratify the 14th Amendment, divided the south into 5 military districts, Army was given power to reinforce things, states had to write new constitutions, ratify the 14th Amendment & allow African Americans to vote |
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Opposition to Reconstruction
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-KKK opposed rights for blacks to they acted out violently
-white southerners opposed reconstruction |
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Effects of Reconstruction
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-Union is restored
-African Americans gain citizenship and voting rights -South's economy and infrastracture are improved -Southern states establish public school system -KKK and other groups terrorize Africans -Sharecropping system takes hold in South -Led to Black Codes and Jim Crow laws |