Civil War And Reconstruction

Front 1

Civil war was NOT all about slavery

Back 1

- North thought they were preserving Union
- South wa fightning for states' rights

Front 2

The Civil War and the Confederacy

Back 2

Confederate control was greater than Union control had been
Jeff Davis
-suspended habeas corpus to maintain control

Front 3

South changes

Back 3

Rapid economic growth = inflation
conscription = military draft (more poverty)
CLASS CONFLICT (rich could hire people to serve)

Front 4

The Civil War and the Union

Back 4

North economy boomed from war manufacturing. Southerners sold crappy cloths (shoddy) and the Southern gov. looked the other way for a bribe.

Front 5

North changes

Back 5

Inflation also, very slight
Unions formed

Lincoln increased power - suspended habeas corpus (mainly to prevent Maryland from succeeding)

Began printing national currency (before states printed)
National Bank strenghtened

Front 6

1862 - act passed that if you support South (even with taxes), slaves freed

Back 6

Lincoln did not enforce it

Front 7

Emancipation Proclamation

Back 7

did NOT free slaves.
instead, it said on January 1, 1863, government would liberate slaves in states of rebellion (not in border states)

Front 8

EP cons

Back 8

prohibited slavery where Union couldn't control

Front 9

EP pros

Back 9

declared war was about slavery

Front 10

EP effects

Back 10

Escaped slaves and free slaves joined Union Army

Discouraged Europe supporting/trading with Confederate gov.

Front 11

Thirteenth Amendment

Back 11

COMPLETELY abolished ALL slavery

Front 12

Hampton Roads Conference

Back 12

Lincoln offered 5 year delay on amendment and $400 million to slave owners, but Jeff. Davis was committed to independence

Front 13

Election of 1864

Back 13

Both favored end to the war

Everything went the North's way after the almost-negotiation

Front 14

Freedman's Bureau

Back 14

helped newly liberated blacks establish a place in society (schools, food, etc)

Front 15

Lincoln dead

Back 15

Right before final surrender

Front 16

Civil War conditions

Back 16

ENORMOUS economic and personal cost. HUGE debts. South was decimated (Sherman's March to the sea where everything was burned)

Front 17

Other impacts

Back 17

Central gov. became stronger in general and remained so

Front 18

Reconstruction

Back 18

After war questions
(1) How should they be readmitted
(2) Status of blacks

Front 19

Freedmen

Back 19

interested in chance to earn wages and own property

Front 20

Johnson (VP now President)

Back 20

Southern democrat
Congress in Recess
He was against South's elite planters (he was a poor yeoman)

Front 21

Johnson's Reconstruction (aproved by Lincoln)

Back 21

(1) creation of provisional military gov
(2) southerners take loyalty oath to get amnesty from rebellion (except wealthy)
(3) hold state constitutional convention and write new constitution that ELIMINATED SLAVERY and DENOUNCED SECESSION

Front 22

Why it didn't work

Back 22

Blacks weren't citizens
He pardoned many Southern Elite, who retook power positions

Replace "black" with "Freedman"

Front 23

Congress

Back 23

Confederate high-ranking officials were elected to Congress

Northerners refused to seat them

Front 24

Republicans

Back 24

(1) Conservatives agreed with Johnson
(2) Radicals wanted punishment

Front 25

Radicals

Back 25

-distribution of land to poor and freedmen
-democratic rights (previously, few elections as much as appointments)

Front 26

Johnson declared Reconstruction over and failed to compromise

Back 26

Response by radicals - Congressional Reconstruction = (a) Fourteenth Amendment (prohibited states from depriving citizen of life, liberty, property)
(b) let everyone vote or loose representation
(c) previous Confederate officers could not serve
(d) excused Confederacy war debt

IT PASSED

Front 27

Military Reconstruction Act of 1867.

Back 27

Forced black suffrage.
Every state needed to ratify Fourteenth Amendment. (They limited Johnson's power first).

Front 28

Impeachment proceedings

Back 28

violating the Tenure of Office Act - Johnson fired Secretary of War without consulting Senate

Front 29

Ulysses S. Grant

Back 29

Fifteenth Ammendment
required states to enfranchise black men (as citizens). Passed only because South needed to ratify it to get into the Union. (North oppposed)

Front 30

Reconstruction success

Back 30

- ALL Southern white men can vote now.
- govenors were ELECTED
-reform movements (industry/railroads)

Front 31

Ultimately, Reconstruction failed.

Back 31

a LOT of money to reconstruct = high taxes

HIGH OPPOSITION

Front 32

Scalawags

Back 32

Southerners who cooperated with reconstruction

Front 33

Carpetbaggers

Back 33

Northerners that ran the south (bags to stuff with ill gotten wealth)

Front 34

KKK

Back 34

attacked supporters of Reconstruction

Front 35

Did not redistribute weatlh

Back 35

same power structure
South knew when North left, it would be just about the same as before

Front 36

Northern slack

Back 36

Grant enforced law loosely to loosen tensions

Front 37

1860s, 1870s

Back 37

Supreme Court restricted Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments

Front 38

Slaughter House

Back 38

Fourteenth Amendment applied to FEDERAL, not state gov

Front 39

United States v. Reese

Back 39

"grandfather clauses" on voting privileges (prevented blacks from voting)

Front 40

1872 Election

Back 40

Liberal Republicans - Greeley (ended federal control due to corruption)

Front 41

Panic of 1873

Back 41

drew attention from Reconstruction

Front 42

Rutherford B. Hayes president

Back 42

final withdrawal of troops from the South

Front 43

Southern blacks during and after reconstruction

Back 43

Freedman's Bureau helped find jobs/housing/food/money/schools

No land => sharecropping (trading portion of crop for right to work on someone else's land)

= slavery-ish

Front 44

Black communities

Back 44

church

Front 45

Exodusters

Back 45

Blacks that saw the situation, were unhappy, and moved to Kansas/Midwest