Civil War

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Rural

Back 1

country, farm land

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Agrarian

Back 2

country, farm land

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Urban

Back 3

city

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Industrial

Back 4

industries

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Secede

Back 5

to formally separate from a union (south seceded from the north)

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draft

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selecting people/forcing (over 25) to join military

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carpettbaggers

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People who came from the North to the south with suitcases and intentions to take advantage of the southerners

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scalawags

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traitors – a southerner working for the Union during Reconstruction

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Reactionary

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someone who doesn’t want change

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Sharecropping

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wealthy land owners rent out land for profit ~ poor farmers do all the work and have to pay the owners 1/3 – 1/2 of their profit

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Seward’s Folly

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1867 when William Seward bought Alaska for 7.2 million dollars  important land to USA  provided oil and gold  1867

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animosity

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hatred or ill-feeling

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black codes

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laws made preventing blacks from their unalienable rights

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radical

Back 14

extreme

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Nullify

Back 15

to take away for ever

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Poll Taxes

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taxes paid to vote

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Segregation

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separation by race

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Abraham Lincoln

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- Great Leader of the Union (big advantage to union because they had him)
- Tried to get Robert E. Lee to join union – (refused)
- First republican to be elected president
- Elected in 1860
- Great President
- Won Civil War – shot 5 days after at the Ford Theatre by John Wilkes Booth and died

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Robert E. Lee

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- Great general for the South
- Refused to Lincoln to join Union

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George McClellan

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- general for union
- spent his time preparing his troops
- didn’t follow south when he had the chance
- fired by Lincoln

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Ulysses S. Grant

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- Elected president
- Honorable – nice guy
- NOT a good president
- Trusted everyone
- ^caused corruption

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William Tecumseh Sheritan

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- from north  furious about 13th, 14th and 15th amendmentsdidn’t like African Americans

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Jefferson Davis

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- President of confederacy
- Southerners blamed loss on him

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John Wilkes Booth

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- Part of group against Lincoln
- Assassinated Lincoln
- Fled

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54th Massachusetts Infantry

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- all black
- helped save fort Wagner, South Carolina
- half of regiment killed

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Walt Whitman

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- Wrote “O Captain, My Captain” honoring Lincoln

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Freedmen’s Bureau

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- Congress created it to help blacks/ former slaves get by with necessities food, shelter, clothing, opened schools

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Andrew Johnson

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- Vice President of Lincoln  became president when Lincoln died
- Horrible president
- Compared to a brick wall  didn’t bend at all and wouldn’t listen to what other’s had to say
- Almost impeached but one by one lost vote
- Democrat

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Ku Klux Klan

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- white Christian hate group
- created in 1866
- supremacists – think they are supreme
- secret – wear costumes robes and a mask  to hide identity and to create a sense of power and fear
- still exist in all 50 states

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Jim Crow

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- Symbol  caricature symbolizing freed slaves
 freed slaves are considered:
 barbaric
 uncivilized
 simple-minded
- represent system of segregation
 restaurants
 water fountains
 schools
 churches
 Etc.

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Election of 1860

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- Lincoln elected
- First republican president
- Elected without votes from south

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Antietam

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- considered the bloodiest war in US military history
- 26,000 men dead, wounded or missing
- Lee withdraws to Virginia
- Lincoln visits troops and leaders

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Emancipation Proclamation

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- January 1
- Lincoln officially frees slaves
- Emphasizes enlistment of black soldiers
- Shifts the war’s focus
 Originally to preserve Union
 Now to abolish slavery

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Battle of Gettysburg/ Gettysburg Address

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- Major turning point in war
- Confederates defeated
- (Pennsylvania)
- Address – extremely powerful 2 minute speech given by Abe Lincoln November 19

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13th amendment

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- January 31
- Slavery officially abolished

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Sheritan’s March to the Sea

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- Leaves 300 mile long, 60 mile wide path of destruction from Atlanta to coast
- Not considered a gentlemen-like way to fight
- Not nice guy
- Incredibly racist toward native Americans
- “The only good Indian is a dead Indian” –Sherman

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Surrender at Appomattox (April 9, 1865)

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- Robert E. Lee surrenders

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Lincoln’s assassination

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- took wife to the Ford theatre 5 days after civil war ends
- shot bye John Wilkes Booth
- died the next day

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Reconstruction 1865 – 1877

Back 39

- presidential reconstruction
 Freedom’s Bureau
 Black codes
 Radical Republicans created
 Civil Rights Act of 1866
- Congressional Reconstruction
 free rights to everyone in US
 16 blacks in congress
 Andrew Johnson almost impeached
- was a chance to rebuild the USA and make it actually equal – time with potential  lost it

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Radical Republicans

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- a group of people who believed in black’s rights and made laws to protect them
- against Johnson because he didn’t do anything to stop the black codes in the south