Civil Rights Movement

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Thrugood Marshall

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the first African American to serve in the Supreme Court in the United States.

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Brown vs. Board ed.

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a 1954 case in which the Supreme Court rule that “ separate but equal” education for black and white students was unconstitutional.

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Rosa Parks

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was an African American civil rights activist whom the U.S. Congresses called “ the first lady of civil rights” and “ the mother of the freedom movement”

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MLK

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was an American Clergyman activist, and prominent leader in the African American Civil Rights Movement.

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Southern Christian leadership conference

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has the purpose of carrying on nonviolent crusades against the evils of second-class citizenship.

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SNCC

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National protest group created in North Carolina.

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Freedom Riders

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one of the civil rights activists who rode buses through the South in the early 1960s to challenge segregation

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Civil Rights Act 1964

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a law that banned discrimination on the basis of race, sex, national origin, or religion in public places and most workplaces

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Freedom Summer

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a 1964 project to register African-American voters in Mississippi.

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Voting Rights Act 1965

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a law that made it easier for African Americans to register to vote by eliminating discriminatory literacy tests and authorizing federal examiners to enroll voters denied at the local level

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de facto segregation

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a racial separation established by practice and custom, not by law.

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Malcolm X

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An African-American Muslim minister, public speaker, and human rights activist.

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Nation of Islam

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a religious group, popular known as the Black Muslims, founded by Elijah Muhammad to promote black separatism and the Islamic religion.

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Stokely Carmichael

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a Trinidadian-American black active in 1960s American Civil Rights Movement.

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Black Power

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a slogan used by Stokely Carmichael in the 1960s that encouraged African-American pride and political and social leadership.

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Black Panthers

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a militant African-American political organization formed in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale to fight police brutality and provide service in the ghetto.

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Kerner comission

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a group that was appointed by President Johnson to study the causes of urban violence and that recommended the elimination of de facto segregation in American society.

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Civil Rights Act 1968

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a law that banned discrimination in housing.

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Affirmative Action

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a policy that seeks to correct the effects of past discrimination by favoring the group who were previously disadvantage.

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Fannie lou Hamer

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An American voting rights activists and civil rights leader.