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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The two main reasons for settling the British colonies
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religious freedom and money
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New England colonies
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shipping, trading, and manufacturing
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Middle colonies
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"bread basket" - they grew grains, wheat, and corn
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Southern colonies
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focused on cash crops (tobacco and cotton) farming
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Mercantilism
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the idea that a country increases its wealth through trade and the development of colonies
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Favorable balance of trade
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exports exceed imports
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Triangular trade route
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connected England, the Colonies, and Africa
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Middle Passage
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leg of triangular trade, brought slaves from Africa to New World
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Maryland Act of Toleration
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1st document to establish freedom of religion for all Christians in the colonies
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Mayflower Compact
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established self-rule for Pilgrims in Massachusetts --> direct democracy
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Virginia House of Burgesses
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1st representative assembly in the colonies
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Fundamental orders of CT
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1st written colonial constitution
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French and Indian war
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caused England to raise taxes for colonies, caused boycotts and riots (Boston Massacre and Tea Party), caused Intolerable acts, led to battles of Concord and Lexington, first shots of Amer. Rev. (the shot heard round the world)
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John Peter Zenger trial
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established freedom of press
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Declaration of Independence
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Thomas Jeff. - explained to king why colonies were breaking away. Influenced by theories of John Locke
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John Locke
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Life, liberty, Property
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Thomas Paine
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wrote Common Sense - helped unify the colonies to fight England
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Articles of Confederation
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1st gov. of the colonies, many weaknesses: no court sys., no common currency between states, no Pres., no power to tax
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Shay's Rebellion
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(MA farmers rebelled) showed that the gov. under the AOC was weak
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Virginia plan
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wanted representation in congress = population
(big state) |
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New Jersey plan
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wanted representation in congress = equal
(small state) |
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Great compromise
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combined virginia and NJ plan = bicameral congress (2 houses)
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3/5 compromise
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3 of every 5 slaves would count toward taxation and representation
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Federalists
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supported the ratification of const. (approval)
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Anti-federalists
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did not support const., Bill of rights added to gain their support
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Anarchy
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no law
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MOnarchy
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King/Queen holds most power and passed down family
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Dictatorship
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one person holds all power
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Preamble
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beginning of const., states purpose of our gov.
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The four principles of government
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Popular sovereignty, limited gov., separation of powers, and federalism
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Legislative branch
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makes laws
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Executive branch
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enforces laws
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Judicial branch
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interprets laws
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How a bill becomes law
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mus pass both houses to become law
1. presented 2. sent to committee 3. return to floor for debate and vote 4. conference committee - iron out differences in the 2 houses 5. Pres. - pocket veto (ignore), veto (can override with 2/3 vote in both houses) |
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Most bills die where ?
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in committee
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Judicial review
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courts can declare acts of other branches & laws unconstitutional
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Who helps the president ?
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executive office of the president, the cabinet, executive agencies (gov. agencies)
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Expressed powers
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clearly written in const.
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Implied powers
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not clearly defined in the const.
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Enumerated/delegate powers
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powers of the federal gov.
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Reserved powers
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powers state has
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Concurrent powers
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powers of both state and fed. gov.
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7 roles of Mr. Pres.
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1. Commander in chief (army)
2. chief diplomat (foreign affairs) 3. chief executive (boss, appoints) 4. party leader (helps members get elected) 5. legislative leader (urge new laws or veto) 6. chief of state (symbol of nation-behavior, awards) 7. judicial leader |
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Elastic clause/ necessary and proper clause
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allows gov. to expand its power
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Checks and balances
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one branch of gov. limits what other branches can do
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largest source of revenue and expenditure in NC ?
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revenue = income tax
expenditure = education |
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Governor
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1. CHIEF EXECUTIVE OF STATE
2. can reject portion of a bill (line item veto)(mistah pres. cant) 3. not diplomat, power only in state 4. must be citizen for 5 yrs, 30 yrs old, can only serve 2 CONSECUTIVE terms (mistah pres. can only serve 2 total) |
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Legislative body of state
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General asaeembly
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Legislative body of county
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Board of Commissioners
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Highest NC ct.
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NC supreme ct.
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how many justices in us and nc ?
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US = 9
NC = 7 (one chief justice and 6 associate judges - 8yr terms) |
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State vs. Mann
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slaves were property
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Leandro vs. NC
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sound education for all
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Gerrymander
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general assembly redraws voting district, favoringo ne party
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Annexation
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city adds more land to its boundaries to expand its tax base and services
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Political spectrum
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-radical (extreme political views)
- liberal (want gov. to have more control - democrat) - moderate - conservative (want ppl to have more control - republican) -reactionary (against change) |
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Where does majority of private funding for candidates come from ?
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Political action committees (PACs)
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glittering generalities
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meaningless statement (cover in glitter to make it look better than it is)
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bandwagon
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everyone doing it, so u should to
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name calling
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attack, negative
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just plain folks
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regular peeps
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plank
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party's stance on ONE issue
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platform
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party's stance on ALL issues
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voter qualifications in NC
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18 yrs old, registered, not crazy, no felonies, meet residency requirements
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national convention
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officially names its candidates for pres.
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recall election
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vote to remove official from office
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arbitration
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legally binding
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mediation
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not legally binding
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plurality
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received most votes
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simple majority
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received 1 more than half the votes (abt. 51%)
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the U.S has a ___ party sys.
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2 (democrats and repubs)
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4 methods of solving conflicts
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compromise, debate, negotiation, come to a consensus
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appellate jurisdiction
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hear case when appealed for legal errors
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exclusive jurisd
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federal court only
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concurrent jurisd
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federal and state ct.
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original jurisd
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hear case 1st
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ct. levels
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-supreme (between states and constitutionality)
-appellate (2nd time) - district (criminal and civil) (felony and misdemeanor) |
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goal in juvenille punishment
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rehabilitation
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docket
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calendar of ct. dates
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felony & misdemeanor
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felony = great crime, harsh punishment
misdemeanor = minor |
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civil trials almost always settle where?
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out of ct.
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grand jury
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determines if enough evidence to indict
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petit jury
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decides guilt or innocent during trial
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influenced american law
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- 10 commandments
-code of hammurabi (1st written laws) -magna carta (limited power of king) -roman law (juriprudence-study and theory of law) -english common law |
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common (civil) law
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disputes between ppl
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criminal (statutory) law
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statute is broken against state, a person, or self
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administrative law
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a law created and enforced by an agency (FDA, FCC-fed. communications, CPSC-product safety)
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constitutional la
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part of const. broken (including amendments)
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FBI - federal bureau of investigation
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federal law enforcement , enforce federal laws
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state bureau of investigation/ state troopers
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state law enforcement , enforce state laws, regulates interstate commerce (transportation)
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restitution
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convicted must pay money to victim
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scarcity
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unlimited wants with limited resources
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4 factors of production
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1. land/nat. resources
2. labor 3. capital (investment) 4. entrepreneurship |
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human capital
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education and training invested into employee
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law of diminishing returns
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productivity increases as u add a factor of production, but only to a pt., then it begins to decrease
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division of labor
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increases productivity by assigning specialized tasks
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comparative advantage
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one country produces where they have the lowest opportunity cost
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trade off
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the other thing u could've done / other choice
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opportunity cost
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best thing you lost cuz u didn't do the other thing
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the 3 economic q's
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What, How and For whom to profuce
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traditional economy
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uses custom and ritual to decide questions of production and consumption
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command e.
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gov. determines means of production and consumption
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market e.
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voluntary exchange, consumer sovereignty, ppl decide means of production and consumption
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