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199 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
War of 1812
American vs. Brittish war
New Orleans
final battle of 1812, won by America
Peninsulares
regulators born in Spain but sent to control latin america
Creoles
born in the colonies but Spanish descent
Mestizo
mixture of Spanish and native blend
Indian
full native blood
Haiti
island in the Carribean, slavery on sugar plantations
Toussaint Louverture
led rebellion against France (slaves vs. France)
Simon Bolivar
creole, Bolivia named for, led rebellion against Spain, one of the "Liberators"
San Martin
led revolt in Argentina, led army through Chile (the Indies), the other "Liberator"
Venezuela
first latin american revolt against spain, proclaimed independance
Equador, Columbia, Peru
freed by "Libetators"
Grand Columbia
arrangement to include Venezuela, Equador, and Columbia
Monroe Doctrine
demanded Europe not interfere with any America affairs
Brazil
Portugese colony, king of Portugal came to Brazil
Emporer Pedro
son of Portugal king, ruler of Brazil, led Brazil revolt
Mexico
revolt by lowest class (indians) against upper
Hidalgo
priest, preached of Mexico revolution
Dia de Grito
"day of the call", proclamation of a revolution
Morelos
priest, mestizo, led revolution after Hidalgo
Iturbide
led revolt against Spain, became emporer, overthrown, revolted against spain to keep lower class in check
Santa Anna
mexican military officer, president of mexico
caudillo
leader led small towns and countries
industrial revolution
use of machines to accomplish work
James Watt
creates effective use of steam engine
Samuel Crompton
invented the mule (spinning machine)
Hargreaves
invented first spinning wheel
Von Metternich
conservative, at congress of vienna
Talleyrand
French foreign minister since Louis XVI, at congress of vienna, persuades congress to follow legitimacy
legitimacy
return everything to its legitimate govt.
Holy Alliance
originated in Russia, act in accordance to Christianic laws
Congress System
powers of the world would periodically meet to prevent wars
Khoikoi
culture in S. Africa
Boer
European of Dutch origin settles in S. Africa, believed God gave them the right to S. Africa
Bantu
native African culture, collides with Boers
Xhosa
Bantu group against Boers
slave trade
started between tribes, slavery not permanent
Portugese
original slave traders
Elmina
important city in Africa for slave trade
barraccoons
slave pen/imprisonment area
middle passage
path of slaves to Americas
Eli Whitney
invents cotton gin
Asante and Dahomey
African areas disrupted by slavery
Ethiopia
Christian area in Africa, not touched by slavery
Morocco
area north of Saharah, not touched by slavery
Sultan Mulay Ismail
ruler in Morocco, most well known african ruler, establishes Morocco as independant state
Ottoman Empire
largest empire, granted religious toleration
sultan
ruler of Ottoman, resided in Itsanbul/Constantinople
valide sultan
mother of sultan
harem
women's quarters
pasha
governor with military authority
janissary
slave army
vizirs
sultan's chief servant
Koprulu
family of vizirs
Wahhabi
muslaimic group
Saud
political leader, "Saudi Arabia"
Safavid Empire
run by Sunni's and Shiites (Iran)
Shia
followers of Ali
Sunni
followers of Muhammed
Mughul Empire
practiced religious tolerance
Aurangzeb
Mughul ruler, Islam religion fanatic, creates religious persecution, begins decline of Mughul empire with religious wars
Muhammed Shah
temporarily ended Civil War, Mughul ruler after Aurangzeb
Sikh
religion combining islam and hindy
Marathas
ethnic dynasty
Shivaji Bhonsle
Marathas leader, hindu, established hindu military attitude
British East India Co.
company becomes involved in India politics, begins to control india
Manchus
last chinese dynasty
K'ang-xi
emporer of China during Manchus, travels China to gain knowledge
Qualong
successor of K'ang-xi, allows China to slip
Tokugawa Shogunate
japanese rule, cuts off outside communication, abolishes Christianity in order to maintain society
samauri
dominant japanese class
Edo
Tokyo, largest city in the world
Vitus Bering
expands russia exploration, discovers nothern pacific, bering strait, gives russian claim to alaska
Louis de Bougainville
french explorer, discovers flower, explores middle pacific
James Cook
english explorer, "discovers" australia and antartica, killed in hawaii
Nationalism
group that wants to become a nation
Conservatism
make no or very little changes
Edmund Burke
starts conservatism, writes "On the Revolution of France", decides revolutions are destructive
Liberalism
welcomes and encourages change
Utilitarianism
believed we should judge everything on how well it works
Mill
formed utilitarianism, "The greatest good for the greatest number"
Bentham
cofounder of utilitarianism
Communist Manifesto
book written by Marx and Engels to cause an uprising for equality
Das Kapital
book written by Marx to end capitolism, religion is an opiet for people
Louis XVIII
king of France after napolianic wars
Charles X
successor of Louis XVIII, paid nobility for land lost in revolution
July Revolution
discarded Charles X due to income cut for retributions to nobility
Louis Phillipe
French king after July Revolution, overthrown in 1848
Belgium
established as a country after declaring independence from netherlands
Italy
established as a country
Mazzini
inspired people to make italy an independant nation
Young Italy
organization started by Mazzini to make italy a nation
1848
"Year of Revolutions"
Prince de Polignac
prime minister of france, "when in doubt do nothing and I am always in doubt"
Louis Blanc
attempted to begin Socialism in France
Second Republic
created a centralized govt. in france after revolution
Louis Napolean Bonaparte
Napolean's nephew, elected president of Franc, becomes Napolean III, "The empire is peace", creates jobs, supported catholics, increases army
Frankfurt Assembly
assembled to create Germany, wanted democracy but got limited monarchy, fails
Austria
ruled by the Habsburgs
Magyars
second largest ethnic group in austria, revolts against habsburgs
Charles Albert
king of Savoy (independant country), wants to unite italy but fails
Camillo di Cavour
appointed agricultural leader, becomes foreign minister of Savoy, creates alliance with Napolean III
Giuseppe Garabaldi
persuaded 1,000 men to land in southern italy for revolt against austrians, unifies italy
Vatican
country ruled by pope seperate of italy
Otto von Bismark
"iron chancelor", becomes chancellor of Prussia and revolts to unite germany
Danish War
prussia and austria sent north to conquer german countries
Seven Weeks War
austria against prussia, austria is defeated
Helmuth von Moltke
prussian general, prepared for war against austria in advance
Franco-Prussian War
france against prussia, finalizes italian and german unification, france loses
EMS Dispatch
meeting between french ambassador and prussian king, intended to start the war
Sedan
decisive battle of Franco-Prussian war, France loses, establishes germany as a country
reparations
debt as a result of war
Alsace-Lorraine
area of france taken by germany
Decembrist Revolt
caused by death of Alexander I in Russia
Nicholas I
became czar of russia after revolt, brother of Alexander
Alexander II
son of Nicholas I, successor, frees serfs
Alexander Herzen
helped Alexander II set up a representative govt.
zemstvos
council
anarchism
"govt. is not the solution but the problem"
terrorism
disrupt govt. to destroy it
Michael Bakunin
creates anarchism terrorism
Electoral Reform Bill
british parliament had not changed in 200 yrs, reassigned representatives
Corn Laws
raised taxes on grains in britain
Ireland
wanted "Home Rule", some independance from britain
James Monroe
created the Monroe Doctrine
Monroe Doctrine
agreement europe wont interfere with america affairs
American Civil War
1861-1865, decides slavery issues
Abraham Lincoln
president/leader during civil war
Factory System
collection of machines and people to produce goods
Child labor
caused by factories
Robert Fulton
created the steam boat
Railroads
quick transportation
L. Van Beethoven
deaf music composer, wrote "Ode to Joy"
Opera
story told in music
Richard Wagner
German opera composer
Giuseppi Verdi
italian music composer, wrote "Rigoletto"
Operetta
light romantic/comedy opera
Gilbert and Sullivan
wrote operetta "HMS Pinafore"
Johann Strauss
wrote "Blue Danube Waltz"
Charles Darwin
wrote "Origin of the Species", survival of the fittest
Mendelev
classified scientific elements
Postier
germ theory of disease, reduced diseases
Pier and Marie Curie
discovered radioactive elements and x-rays
Ratherford
developed the element theory and table
Thomas Edison
invented the light bulb and ways to generate electricity
Gottlieb Daimler
invented internal combustion engine
Rudolf Diesel
invented diesel engine
Ramanticism
logic and reason doesn't reflect humanity, very emotional
Samuel T. Coleridge
poet, wrote "Rime of the Ancient Mariner"
William Wordsworth
poet
Alexander Pushkin
russian poet, wrote "Ode to Liberty"
Realism
literature has a duty to reflect the real world
Charles Dickens
wrote "Oliver Twist"
Leo Tolstoy
russian writer, wrote "War and Peace"
caudillo
leader who emphasizes power with military command
A. Lopez de Santa Anna
mexican army general
Benito Juarez
indian mexican presidnt, causes mexican civil war
Reforma
program of reform to suit needs of people with democratic republic
Maximillian
habsburg, sent with french army to become emporer and was executed
Porfirio Diaz
succeeds Jaurez, brings mexico back to a dictatorship and begins another revolution
Francisco Madero
president after Diaz, dedicated to the reform but was assassinated
Pancho Villa
president after Madero, raided America
Argentina
first country to go beyound caudillo govt. wealthiest of latin america
pampas
large flat areas of grasslands
Juan Manuel de Rosas
corrupt president of Argentina
Gaucho
argentinian cowboy
Brazil
most ethnically diverse country in latin america
Pedro II
monarch of Brazil
Chile
stable govt.
Central America
area between south america and mexico (Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica)
United Fruit Co.
American trading company, indirectly controls central america
Venezuela
conflicts with boundries of brittish owned countries
Roosevelt Corollary
US would intervene with central america if needed (added to the monroe doctrine)
Cuba
remained a spanish colony until declared independant
Spanish-American war
war with spain to free cuba
Theodore Roosevelt
president
William Gladstone
leader of liberal party in britain, tried to expand right to vote
Benjamin Disraeli
conservative party leader in britain, also tried to expand the right to vote
Home Rule Act
gain most independace from britain
Charles Parnell
protestant irish leader
women's suffrage
sparked by women not being able to vote
Emmeline Pankhurst
leader of women's rights movement
Boer Republics
republics of dutch colonists in south africa (Transvaal, Orange Free State)
The Great Boer Trek
Boer movement north
Boer War
war between S. Africa Boers and Brittain
Dominion
"half independanc", accepts brittish monarchy
Australia
brittish criminal dumping ground, created secret ballot voting
New Zealand
established by escaped convicts, first place to give women freedom
John Macdonald
dominion leader, prime minister of canada
Paris Commune
declared Paris independant of France, created communism
Dreyfus Affair
accused of treason as a cover up
Alfred Dreyfus
highest ranking jewish officer in france
Emile Zola
wrote "J'Accuse" to reveal the truth of the Dreyfus Affair
Georges Clemenceau
"The Tiger"
Bismarck
chancelor of germany
Kaiser
leader of germany, "Ceasar"
Wilhelm I
the first kaiser, wrote the ems dispatch
Reichstag
German parliament
Wilhelm II
rejects Bismarck