Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
199 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
War of 1812
|
American vs. Brittish war
|
|
New Orleans
|
final battle of 1812, won by America
|
|
Peninsulares
|
regulators born in Spain but sent to control latin america
|
|
Creoles
|
born in the colonies but Spanish descent
|
|
Mestizo
|
mixture of Spanish and native blend
|
|
Indian
|
full native blood
|
|
Haiti
|
island in the Carribean, slavery on sugar plantations
|
|
Toussaint Louverture
|
led rebellion against France (slaves vs. France)
|
|
Simon Bolivar
|
creole, Bolivia named for, led rebellion against Spain, one of the "Liberators"
|
|
San Martin
|
led revolt in Argentina, led army through Chile (the Indies), the other "Liberator"
|
|
Venezuela
|
first latin american revolt against spain, proclaimed independance
|
|
Equador, Columbia, Peru
|
freed by "Libetators"
|
|
Grand Columbia
|
arrangement to include Venezuela, Equador, and Columbia
|
|
Monroe Doctrine
|
demanded Europe not interfere with any America affairs
|
|
Brazil
|
Portugese colony, king of Portugal came to Brazil
|
|
Emporer Pedro
|
son of Portugal king, ruler of Brazil, led Brazil revolt
|
|
Mexico
|
revolt by lowest class (indians) against upper
|
|
Hidalgo
|
priest, preached of Mexico revolution
|
|
Dia de Grito
|
"day of the call", proclamation of a revolution
|
|
Morelos
|
priest, mestizo, led revolution after Hidalgo
|
|
Iturbide
|
led revolt against Spain, became emporer, overthrown, revolted against spain to keep lower class in check
|
|
Santa Anna
|
mexican military officer, president of mexico
|
|
caudillo
|
leader led small towns and countries
|
|
industrial revolution
|
use of machines to accomplish work
|
|
James Watt
|
creates effective use of steam engine
|
|
Samuel Crompton
|
invented the mule (spinning machine)
|
|
Hargreaves
|
invented first spinning wheel
|
|
Von Metternich
|
conservative, at congress of vienna
|
|
Talleyrand
|
French foreign minister since Louis XVI, at congress of vienna, persuades congress to follow legitimacy
|
|
legitimacy
|
return everything to its legitimate govt.
|
|
Holy Alliance
|
originated in Russia, act in accordance to Christianic laws
|
|
Congress System
|
powers of the world would periodically meet to prevent wars
|
|
Khoikoi
|
culture in S. Africa
|
|
Boer
|
European of Dutch origin settles in S. Africa, believed God gave them the right to S. Africa
|
|
Bantu
|
native African culture, collides with Boers
|
|
Xhosa
|
Bantu group against Boers
|
|
slave trade
|
started between tribes, slavery not permanent
|
|
Portugese
|
original slave traders
|
|
Elmina
|
important city in Africa for slave trade
|
|
barraccoons
|
slave pen/imprisonment area
|
|
middle passage
|
path of slaves to Americas
|
|
Eli Whitney
|
invents cotton gin
|
|
Asante and Dahomey
|
African areas disrupted by slavery
|
|
Ethiopia
|
Christian area in Africa, not touched by slavery
|
|
Morocco
|
area north of Saharah, not touched by slavery
|
|
Sultan Mulay Ismail
|
ruler in Morocco, most well known african ruler, establishes Morocco as independant state
|
|
Ottoman Empire
|
largest empire, granted religious toleration
|
|
sultan
|
ruler of Ottoman, resided in Itsanbul/Constantinople
|
|
valide sultan
|
mother of sultan
|
|
harem
|
women's quarters
|
|
pasha
|
governor with military authority
|
|
janissary
|
slave army
|
|
vizirs
|
sultan's chief servant
|
|
Koprulu
|
family of vizirs
|
|
Wahhabi
|
muslaimic group
|
|
Saud
|
political leader, "Saudi Arabia"
|
|
Safavid Empire
|
run by Sunni's and Shiites (Iran)
|
|
Shia
|
followers of Ali
|
|
Sunni
|
followers of Muhammed
|
|
Mughul Empire
|
practiced religious tolerance
|
|
Aurangzeb
|
Mughul ruler, Islam religion fanatic, creates religious persecution, begins decline of Mughul empire with religious wars
|
|
Muhammed Shah
|
temporarily ended Civil War, Mughul ruler after Aurangzeb
|
|
Sikh
|
religion combining islam and hindy
|
|
Marathas
|
ethnic dynasty
|
|
Shivaji Bhonsle
|
Marathas leader, hindu, established hindu military attitude
|
|
British East India Co.
|
company becomes involved in India politics, begins to control india
|
|
Manchus
|
last chinese dynasty
|
|
K'ang-xi
|
emporer of China during Manchus, travels China to gain knowledge
|
|
Qualong
|
successor of K'ang-xi, allows China to slip
|
|
Tokugawa Shogunate
|
japanese rule, cuts off outside communication, abolishes Christianity in order to maintain society
|
|
samauri
|
dominant japanese class
|
|
Edo
|
Tokyo, largest city in the world
|
|
Vitus Bering
|
expands russia exploration, discovers nothern pacific, bering strait, gives russian claim to alaska
|
|
Louis de Bougainville
|
french explorer, discovers flower, explores middle pacific
|
|
James Cook
|
english explorer, "discovers" australia and antartica, killed in hawaii
|
|
Nationalism
|
group that wants to become a nation
|
|
Conservatism
|
make no or very little changes
|
|
Edmund Burke
|
starts conservatism, writes "On the Revolution of France", decides revolutions are destructive
|
|
Liberalism
|
welcomes and encourages change
|
|
Utilitarianism
|
believed we should judge everything on how well it works
|
|
Mill
|
formed utilitarianism, "The greatest good for the greatest number"
|
|
Bentham
|
cofounder of utilitarianism
|
|
Communist Manifesto
|
book written by Marx and Engels to cause an uprising for equality
|
|
Das Kapital
|
book written by Marx to end capitolism, religion is an opiet for people
|
|
Louis XVIII
|
king of France after napolianic wars
|
|
Charles X
|
successor of Louis XVIII, paid nobility for land lost in revolution
|
|
July Revolution
|
discarded Charles X due to income cut for retributions to nobility
|
|
Louis Phillipe
|
French king after July Revolution, overthrown in 1848
|
|
Belgium
|
established as a country after declaring independence from netherlands
|
|
Italy
|
established as a country
|
|
Mazzini
|
inspired people to make italy an independant nation
|
|
Young Italy
|
organization started by Mazzini to make italy a nation
|
|
1848
|
"Year of Revolutions"
|
|
Prince de Polignac
|
prime minister of france, "when in doubt do nothing and I am always in doubt"
|
|
Louis Blanc
|
attempted to begin Socialism in France
|
|
Second Republic
|
created a centralized govt. in france after revolution
|
|
Louis Napolean Bonaparte
|
Napolean's nephew, elected president of Franc, becomes Napolean III, "The empire is peace", creates jobs, supported catholics, increases army
|
|
Frankfurt Assembly
|
assembled to create Germany, wanted democracy but got limited monarchy, fails
|
|
Austria
|
ruled by the Habsburgs
|
|
Magyars
|
second largest ethnic group in austria, revolts against habsburgs
|
|
Charles Albert
|
king of Savoy (independant country), wants to unite italy but fails
|
|
Camillo di Cavour
|
appointed agricultural leader, becomes foreign minister of Savoy, creates alliance with Napolean III
|
|
Giuseppe Garabaldi
|
persuaded 1,000 men to land in southern italy for revolt against austrians, unifies italy
|
|
Vatican
|
country ruled by pope seperate of italy
|
|
Otto von Bismark
|
"iron chancelor", becomes chancellor of Prussia and revolts to unite germany
|
|
Danish War
|
prussia and austria sent north to conquer german countries
|
|
Seven Weeks War
|
austria against prussia, austria is defeated
|
|
Helmuth von Moltke
|
prussian general, prepared for war against austria in advance
|
|
Franco-Prussian War
|
france against prussia, finalizes italian and german unification, france loses
|
|
EMS Dispatch
|
meeting between french ambassador and prussian king, intended to start the war
|
|
Sedan
|
decisive battle of Franco-Prussian war, France loses, establishes germany as a country
|
|
reparations
|
debt as a result of war
|
|
Alsace-Lorraine
|
area of france taken by germany
|
|
Decembrist Revolt
|
caused by death of Alexander I in Russia
|
|
Nicholas I
|
became czar of russia after revolt, brother of Alexander
|
|
Alexander II
|
son of Nicholas I, successor, frees serfs
|
|
Alexander Herzen
|
helped Alexander II set up a representative govt.
|
|
zemstvos
|
council
|
|
anarchism
|
"govt. is not the solution but the problem"
|
|
terrorism
|
disrupt govt. to destroy it
|
|
Michael Bakunin
|
creates anarchism terrorism
|
|
Electoral Reform Bill
|
british parliament had not changed in 200 yrs, reassigned representatives
|
|
Corn Laws
|
raised taxes on grains in britain
|
|
Ireland
|
wanted "Home Rule", some independance from britain
|
|
James Monroe
|
created the Monroe Doctrine
|
|
Monroe Doctrine
|
agreement europe wont interfere with america affairs
|
|
American Civil War
|
1861-1865, decides slavery issues
|
|
Abraham Lincoln
|
president/leader during civil war
|
|
Factory System
|
collection of machines and people to produce goods
|
|
Child labor
|
caused by factories
|
|
Robert Fulton
|
created the steam boat
|
|
Railroads
|
quick transportation
|
|
L. Van Beethoven
|
deaf music composer, wrote "Ode to Joy"
|
|
Opera
|
story told in music
|
|
Richard Wagner
|
German opera composer
|
|
Giuseppi Verdi
|
italian music composer, wrote "Rigoletto"
|
|
Operetta
|
light romantic/comedy opera
|
|
Gilbert and Sullivan
|
wrote operetta "HMS Pinafore"
|
|
Johann Strauss
|
wrote "Blue Danube Waltz"
|
|
Charles Darwin
|
wrote "Origin of the Species", survival of the fittest
|
|
Mendelev
|
classified scientific elements
|
|
Postier
|
germ theory of disease, reduced diseases
|
|
Pier and Marie Curie
|
discovered radioactive elements and x-rays
|
|
Ratherford
|
developed the element theory and table
|
|
Thomas Edison
|
invented the light bulb and ways to generate electricity
|
|
Gottlieb Daimler
|
invented internal combustion engine
|
|
Rudolf Diesel
|
invented diesel engine
|
|
Ramanticism
|
logic and reason doesn't reflect humanity, very emotional
|
|
Samuel T. Coleridge
|
poet, wrote "Rime of the Ancient Mariner"
|
|
William Wordsworth
|
poet
|
|
Alexander Pushkin
|
russian poet, wrote "Ode to Liberty"
|
|
Realism
|
literature has a duty to reflect the real world
|
|
Charles Dickens
|
wrote "Oliver Twist"
|
|
Leo Tolstoy
|
russian writer, wrote "War and Peace"
|
|
caudillo
|
leader who emphasizes power with military command
|
|
A. Lopez de Santa Anna
|
mexican army general
|
|
Benito Juarez
|
indian mexican presidnt, causes mexican civil war
|
|
Reforma
|
program of reform to suit needs of people with democratic republic
|
|
Maximillian
|
habsburg, sent with french army to become emporer and was executed
|
|
Porfirio Diaz
|
succeeds Jaurez, brings mexico back to a dictatorship and begins another revolution
|
|
Francisco Madero
|
president after Diaz, dedicated to the reform but was assassinated
|
|
Pancho Villa
|
president after Madero, raided America
|
|
Argentina
|
first country to go beyound caudillo govt. wealthiest of latin america
|
|
pampas
|
large flat areas of grasslands
|
|
Juan Manuel de Rosas
|
corrupt president of Argentina
|
|
Gaucho
|
argentinian cowboy
|
|
Brazil
|
most ethnically diverse country in latin america
|
|
Pedro II
|
monarch of Brazil
|
|
Chile
|
stable govt.
|
|
Central America
|
area between south america and mexico (Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica)
|
|
United Fruit Co.
|
American trading company, indirectly controls central america
|
|
Venezuela
|
conflicts with boundries of brittish owned countries
|
|
Roosevelt Corollary
|
US would intervene with central america if needed (added to the monroe doctrine)
|
|
Cuba
|
remained a spanish colony until declared independant
|
|
Spanish-American war
|
war with spain to free cuba
|
|
Theodore Roosevelt
|
president
|
|
William Gladstone
|
leader of liberal party in britain, tried to expand right to vote
|
|
Benjamin Disraeli
|
conservative party leader in britain, also tried to expand the right to vote
|
|
Home Rule Act
|
gain most independace from britain
|
|
Charles Parnell
|
protestant irish leader
|
|
women's suffrage
|
sparked by women not being able to vote
|
|
Emmeline Pankhurst
|
leader of women's rights movement
|
|
Boer Republics
|
republics of dutch colonists in south africa (Transvaal, Orange Free State)
|
|
The Great Boer Trek
|
Boer movement north
|
|
Boer War
|
war between S. Africa Boers and Brittain
|
|
Dominion
|
"half independanc", accepts brittish monarchy
|
|
Australia
|
brittish criminal dumping ground, created secret ballot voting
|
|
New Zealand
|
established by escaped convicts, first place to give women freedom
|
|
John Macdonald
|
dominion leader, prime minister of canada
|
|
Paris Commune
|
declared Paris independant of France, created communism
|
|
Dreyfus Affair
|
accused of treason as a cover up
|
|
Alfred Dreyfus
|
highest ranking jewish officer in france
|
|
Emile Zola
|
wrote "J'Accuse" to reveal the truth of the Dreyfus Affair
|
|
Georges Clemenceau
|
"The Tiger"
|
|
Bismarck
|
chancelor of germany
|
|
Kaiser
|
leader of germany, "Ceasar"
|
|
Wilhelm I
|
the first kaiser, wrote the ems dispatch
|
|
Reichstag
|
German parliament
|
|
Wilhelm II
|
rejects Bismarck
|