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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mann Act
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Prohibited White Slaver and interstate transport of females for immoral purposes
Stated intent to address prostitution, immorality, and human trafficking |
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4 features of Democratic Wish
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1. Image that people can take power for themselves
2. Method: direct citizen participation 3. Setting: community. small town communal action>big government 4. Assumption: a joint public interest both exists and is achievable |
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Characteristics of Pluralism (3)
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1. Action is slow/negotiated
2. Gap between interests and groups 3. Model heavily biased toward people w/ strong interests |
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Weaknesses of Pluralist Model (3)
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1. People don't always have permanent interests
2. Underestimates power of public officials 3. Treats all cities the same way |
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Banfield and Wilson Cleavages (5)
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1. Urban - rural
2. have- have not (economic 3. suburban - central city 4. ethnic - racial groups 5. Political Parties |
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Campaigns to Re-Organize Bureaucracy (5)
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1. Consolidation
2. Independent Spheres of Authority 3. Tea Party: Get Rid of Government 4. Speak the same language 5. Redefine the jobs |
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Problems Mayors Face (5)
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1. Dread of Government
2. Fragmentation 3. Vast Bureaucracy 4. Pluralism makes change difficult 5. Dylan's rule |
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republicanism (4)
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Jefferson:
1. community 2. shared public participation 3. virtue 4. public interest |
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liberalism (4)
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Madison
1. Individual 2. Private Interest 3. Representation 4. Rights |
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How Democratic Wish Creates Change (4)
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1. Stalemate develops
2. People strip officials of power 3. New Institutions are created that are more democratic 4. chaos/excess, dem wish retracts to new stalemate |
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How do we think about Politics: Fight Analogy (6)
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1) combatants - whose in the fight?
2) audience - where does audience stand, who do they support 3) interests - interest groups, or just people affected. Why are people fighting. 4) elites - party leaders, important people in media, etc. 5) ideas - what are the issues at stake? 6) rules - how is the fight being fought? |
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Marble Cake (4)
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Federal => super state regional => state => sub-state regional => City => municipal => Local
Term coined by Grodzins 1. Agencies in different authority structures 2. Different agencies serve different clientele/constituency 3. Function 4. skill ideology: agencies compete for funding/size |
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Progressive Fragmentation of American Gov (3)
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1. Power flows away from elected officials
2. Power and influence flow to the most interested party => only interested parties involved in process => iron law of oligarchy 3. Winners and Losers - clear victors -system great for exemptions |
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Features of Progressive Ideals (4)
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1. Get rid of politics
2. make public officials independent from politics + agencies 3. make decisions by scientific management 4. agencies will find the public interest |
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Why Progressives Failed (3)
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1. No scientific standards for same things (agriculture)
2. Clashing values (business or environment?) 3. Agencies must use discretion in making decisions |
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How Mayors Get Things Done (6)
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1. Apathy
2. Deference 3. Party Loyalty 4. Negative Inducements 5. Positive Inducements 6. Salesmanship |
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Lost City: what's it about
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Nostalgia-
-change subject to culture -society gives us too many choices Nostalgia for community but don't have nostalgia for authority |
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How to Coordinate Agencies (same q as earlier, 4)
Why is this Hard (2) |
1. same language
2. consolidate them 3. Give independent spheres of authority 4. Redefine the jobs 1. self interest lies in not doing any of this 2. constituencies |
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How to tame factions (Madison in fed #10), 2
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1. elect people, RD rather than DD
2. Ensure a large republic rather than a small one |
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Horatio Alger Assumptions (3)
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1. Hard work = success
2. Economic system is fair 3. Laziness leads to poverty |
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Players in Branch Hospital Case (6):
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1. Dan Ryan
2. Meyer 3. Welfare Council 4. Calloway/Berry (Urban League) 5. Ernest R. Rather 6. Michael Reese Hospital |
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Hierarchy of Machines (5)
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1. Boss
2. Party Leaders 3. Alderman 4. Ward Boss 5. Ward Heelers |
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4 sins of the Irish
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1. Laziness
2. Liquor 3. Violence 4. Sex |
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Irish Cultural coping mechanisms (3)
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1. wage of whiteness
2. emphasized culture/religion, stuck together 3. become part of the machine |
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How to think about interest group politics (6)
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1. Consider costs/benefits
2. costs/benefits not set in stone, depends on issue framing 3. usually more than 2 actors 4. public officials play a role 5. Institutions are biased 6. Media presentation (loves cell 3) |
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How fragmented system is moved (2)
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1. People in the agencies come together
2. Ralph Nader effect: get public interest groups to lobby the agencies |
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Problems facing 19th century city (3)
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1. Poor finance system
2. Undeveloped industry 3. Lackluster Transportation => solved by roads then canals then railroads |
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Public Policy people think about (6)
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1. Get on the agenda (media, elections, lawsuits, interest groups)
2. formulate policy alternatives (make the policy) 3. decision is made 4. implementation 5. administration 6. evaluation |
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3 Eras of Machines
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1. 1830-1860: political parties are gangs/thugs, compete to provide services
2. 1860-1900: one gang wins in each city, goes unchallenged "Golden Era" 3. 1900-1930: reformers/machines clash, most machines lose, reformers win from federal => state => local |
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History of the US (6)
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1. City Upon a Hill
2. Revolution/Constitution 3. Cities grow in 1830s, solve problems of finance, transportation, technology, agriculture, immigration 4. Jacksonian democracy/vast urbanization (Civil War) 5. Progressive movement (1880s) 6. Modern City Emerges (1910-1920) |
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Why Problems travel up the bureaucracy (4)
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1. Nature of problems in a global world (freaked out go to central gov)
2. Expertise: federal gov more competent (full time not part-time) 3. Elasticity of Tax Base: most elastic income tax, more money 4. City Limits: city starts offering generous welfare benefits => more people flock to city for benefits, people who pay for benefits leave. Can't leave the USA |
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Alternate Interpretations of Poverty (3)
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1. misfortune
2. birth is accidental 3. structure of politics/economics |
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Why do people disagree w/ Alger/Tocqueville (3)
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1. Structure (Economic system)
2. Immigrants work hard, still struggle 3. They ignore a communitarian spirit |
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Latent Functions of Machines (6)
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1. centralized enough power to build rudimentary infrastructure
2. early welfare state 3. help produce american individualistic mindset 4. Integrate immigrants into society 5. stabilize urban society in even of chaos 6. gets common people involved in politics |
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Why Branch Hospital Solutions don't Work (4)
Other Elements (2) |
1. All player's pursuing power
2. Each actor tries to enhance their organization 3. Everyone's goals are different 4. No integrating mechanism (congress today) other elements: 1. Beautiful case of fragmentation 2. example of urban power politics 3. Big problem is that hospital isn't built, blacks suffer 4. Desegregation (least likely outcome) occurs |
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Why Machines Fell 6
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1. Civil Service Reform
2. Progressive rule changes 3. federal gov't gets involved in welfare 4. society changes -ethnicity -suburban sprawl -television 5. new ethnic/racial composition 6. rise of the media made machines look pathetic |
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Professional Definitions of Politics (3)
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Economic definition: Institutions that help make money transactions
Pedantic definition: the authoritative allocation of scarce resources for a society Better definition: Politics is a fight |
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New Choices after 1950s (5)
What has changed (3) |
1. Divorce
2. Social options 3. Food options 4. Employment options 5. Clothing choices What has changed: 1. Technology 2. Rebellion for social justice 3. Markets take off |
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Particularistic Politics (3)
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1. Based on benefits
2. Not an ideology 3. necessitates having friends |
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Universalistic Politics (ideology or not?) (1)
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1. Is an ideology
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Elements of Nativism/Culture Wars (3)
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1. Passion of the debate
2. Notion of "City Upon a Hill" 3. The jeremiad |
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Why we don't have socialism (4)
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1. Belief in individualism
2. Constitution's checks/balances 3. Welfare stabilizes cities/society 4. Wage of whiteness creates a conservative destitute |
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Pendleton Act (1)
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1883, government jobs to be awarded by merit
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Machine Basis Diagram
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Ethnic + Immigrant => Particularistic => basis of machines
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Progressivism Basis Diagram
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Nativists => Universalistic => basis progressive reforms
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How issues arise and are dealt with: Pluralist model
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Interests arise => groups organize => mutual adjustment among groups => political outcome
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1.Single Consequence
2. Multiple Consequences 3. Unanticipated consequences |
1. Secret ballot killed Machine
2. Ward/At-Large, large minority couldn't get representation, killed "personal touch" of machines 3. Cheap Loans |
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Iron Law of Oligarchy
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she who says organization says oligarchy
Robert Michels |
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Crises that move past the dread of government (4)
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1. War: single largest change agent in politics. Even if not actual, the metaphor allows for mobilization of whole society war on drugs, war on poverty… keeps people from blocking government
2. Economic troubles 3. Other kinds of crisis e.g. terrorist attack. Restriction evaporates 4. Moral fear/panic: drug fears, young women forced into prostitution. e.g. Acts after 9/11 things passed Congress w/o debate, skipped over checks and balances e.g. Prohibition happened bc of WWI |
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It’s the Institutions Stupid! (author)
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Steinmo and Watts
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sign of resurgence in city
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highway moved
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why did highways stop getting built
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Mutual Adjustment Among Groups
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Plunkitt of Tammany Hall (author)
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Riordan
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City: Urbanism and its End (author)
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Douglas Rae
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Boss: Richard J Daley of Chicago (author)
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Mike Royko
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City Politics (author)
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Banfield and Wilson
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Buddy (author)
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Cherry Arnold
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The Lost City (author)
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Ehrenhalt
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Branch Hospital (author)
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Banfield
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