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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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paths
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channels of movement (these often dominate mental maps)
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edges
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linear elements (that are not pathways) that mark boundaries
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districts
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medium/ large areas of city that has an identifiable character
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nodes
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strategic points (that can be entered), could be focus of activity in a district (a core)
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landmarks
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reference point that you do not enter (often a singular physical object)
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Catal Huyuk
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(c.6500-5500 BCE)
modern day Turkey |
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Mohenjo-Daro
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(Large Water tank) (ca.2600-1900 BCE)
Includes a citadel (located outside main city) with E-W and N-S main route |
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Characteristics of a city
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Size and density (39)
Difference in composition of urban population, specialist class (39) Tax/ tithe to deity/ king, concentrated, surplus (40) Monumental public buildings (symbolize surplus) (40); what specific buildings does he highlight? (40 Those not involved in agriculture were supported by surplus and ruling class existed, guaranteed security (40) Recording systems and class of people to do that (41) Writing (41) Artist Class (41) Import of raw materials/ trade (41), luxury goods (42) Solidarity and community, caste system (42) |
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3 parts of Sumerian City
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walled area with temples, palaces; the suburban or residential area & a harbor
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Ur
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(present-day Muqaiyir, Iraq) (ca.2100-2050 BCE)
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ziggurat
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building which houses temples and places of worship. religious building in Sumerian city.
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organic growth
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urban form that evolved without preconceived planned intervention
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necropolis
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city of the dead
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Gizeh Pyramid
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dynasty IV
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Menkaure Pyranid
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(ca.2490-2472)
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Khafre Pyramid
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(ca.2520-2494)
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Kufu Pyramid
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(ca.2551-2528 BCE)
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Amarna Egypt
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built by Akhenaten (Dyn XVIII)
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Early Classical Period
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c.480-450 BCE
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High Classical Period
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c.450-400 BCE
parthenon |
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Late Classical Period
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c.400-323 BCE
Alexander the Great |
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Hellenistic Period
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323-31/30 BCE
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Ancient Rome
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(c.509 BCE-395 CE)
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Julius Caesar Assassinated
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44 BCA
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Roman Empire
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(27 BCE-395 CE)
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Augustus
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(27 BCE-14 CE)
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Constantine
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(307-337 CE)
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Polis
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a Greek city-state; a state or society especially when characterized by a sense of community
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trabeated
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Having horizontal beams or lintels rather than arches.
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Characteristics of Greek city planning
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Acropolis
Temples Agora Assembly hall Council house Marketplace Walled (sometimes) Leisure areas Culture areas Theater Shrine(s) Residential Areas Courtyard houses Harbor Industrial district (sometimes) |
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megaron
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assembly hall located in Agora
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buletarion
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Council house located in Agora
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Miletos, Ionia (present-day Turkey)
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Late Classical (after 479 BCE)
Orthogonal plan architect: Hippodamus |
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Orthogonal plan
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another term for a gridded plan
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Priene
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(352 BCE), present day Turkey, greek city
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Cloaca Maxima
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main drain (sewage/water use in city)
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Pont-du-Gard, Nimes (France)
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(ca.16 BCE)
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Forum
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Roman city feature in which both government and religious buildings are located. economic center of city
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Pantheon, Rome (Italy)
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commissioned by Hadrian (118-128 CE/ High Imperial art), caementa
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caementa
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small stones| rubble (for concrete); quarry stones (for walls)
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Features of Roman City
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Cardo & Decumanus
-Gridded -Walled Forum Major Temple Basilica Amphitheater/ Stadium Baths Gates Markets (often) |
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Timgad (present day Algeria)
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(founded 100 CE; Roman castrum (military encampment)
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Ostia (port of Rome)
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founded 300 BCE
with Trajan’s harbor (106-113 CE ) |
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insulae with cenacula
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apartment blocks with apartments (roman term)
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Mount Vesuvius
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erupted August 24, 79 CE
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florence italy
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Roman settlement (59 BCE)
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Monastery at St. Gall (Switzerland)
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(rebuilt by Abbot Gozbertus, ca.819CE)
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Features of Medieval cities
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Walls with tower and gates
Streets/ Circulation routes Market place with market hall & commercial buildings Church square |
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basillica
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government building by Roman tradition
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Rostra
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where one got the news in a Roman city
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Types of Organic Cities
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Roman origins (visible grid like Florence)
Village settlement (combination of older settlements located less than a mile apart) Faubourg (older market center that was once outside walls but become integrated, like a suburb) |
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inorganic city types
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Bastides: new planned settlements, usually built by a central authority
Caernarvon Aigues-Mortes Planted towns: new towns founded for commercial or political reasons |
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bastides
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new planned settlements, usually built by a central authority
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Planted towns
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new towns founded for commercial or political reasons (Morgan park)
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Constantinople (later Istanbul)
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founded 324 with View of Walls (begun 412-13), Founded by Emperor Constantine, capital of Byzantine Empire
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The Kaaba
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Mecca (center of the Islamic world)
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Amsar
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metropolis
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Qasabat
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provincial capitals
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Mudun/ Madina
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provincial towns that are the main town of a district or a market town
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Qura (Qaryah)
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villages
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Mesjid al-Jami
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friday mosque
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suq
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market
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Hamman
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public baths (in some cities)
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Mahalla
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families quarters of a common ethnic/ religious background that could be locked
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Kasbah
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citadel
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medieval cities
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Walls with towers and gates
streets and circulation routes markets place with market hall and commercial buildings associated with organic growth church square: big church with space around trade system grows outside of the city walls |
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mesopotamian cities
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3 distinct parts
-Tenemos (central walled sacred precinct) -Harbor -Suburban areas -Gridded space -Dense urban fabric (security, and protection)-Surrounding residential areas -Organic growth -Movement over rooftops -Smaller streets to create ‘cooling’ -Often made on a Tel (a manmade settlement mound) -Made with local material (mudbrick) |
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arab (islamic) cities
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Densely packed urban areas around it.
No government buildings. Arab cities twist the Roman grid, they are market driven. The city is centralized aroun religion. Urban City Components Mesjid al-Jami: Friday mosque Governonr & Kadi (judge) Suq: market Hamman: public baths (in some cities) Mahalla: families quarters of a common ethnic/ religious background that could be locked Kasbah: citadel Musalla: open space large enough for the entire male population Wall Water supply system |
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early renaissance city
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Variety of buildings, different architectural styles, framed spaces (wasn't until Baroque period that these spaces started to open up)
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mesoamerican cities
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Plazas (huge; meant to intimidate; focus of the city) surrounded by religious buildings
o Plaza is the nexus of Mesoamerican cities • Ball court and pyramids • Axial roadways • Talis walls: stepped walls • Closely spaced buildings (for extra support); most only one story high • City formed in concentric rings Examples • Teotihuacan • Tenochititlan • La Venta: Olmec people; Great Pyramid and Ball Court |
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baroque cities
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Nodes: Landmarks
-Variatas -Outward expansion, versus Renaissance enclosure -Wider Boulevards - Connection of Christian Sites/Churches through roads/nodes |
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greek cities
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Acropilis and temples
Agora (assembly hall, council house, marketplace) Leisure areas, culture areas (courtyard houses, arenas) Harbor Sometimes industrial districts |
