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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The citric acid cycle completes the ________ of metabolites in both prokaryote and eukaryotes.
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oxidative degradation
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In the TCA, acetyl-CoA is oxidized to CO2 with the reduction of _______ and ______.
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NAD+ and ubiquinone (Q)
(NADH + H+ and QH2) |
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What are the two main purposes of the TCA?
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1) increase the cells ATP producing potential
2)provide the cell with precursors that can build molecules |
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What TCA cycle intermediates are precursors for other molecules?
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citrate -> fatty acids, cholesterol
alpha-ketoglutarate > a.a., nucleotides succinyl-CoA > heme malate > pyruvate oxaloacetate > glucose |
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In the final reaction of the citric acid cycle (malate dehydrogenase), what is reduced?
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malate (to oxaloacetate)
NAD+ (to NADH) |
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The citric acid cycle is ______; it is both anabolic and catabolic.
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amphibolic
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What are the sources of acetyl-CoA?
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palmitate (fatty acid degradation)
lysine & glutamate (a.a.) glucose (glycolysis, then pyruvate dehydrogenase) |
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Where is GDP used in the TCA?
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Succinyl-CoA to succinate.
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Where are Q and FAD used in the TCA?
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Succinate + Q to fumarate (get FADH2)
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When is NADH produced in the TCA?
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Isocitrate to oxalosuccinate
alpha-ketoglut. to succinyl-CoA malate to oxaloacetate |
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What enzymes catalyze the reactions that produce CO2 in the TCA?
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isocitrate dehydrogenase
alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase |
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For every acetyl-CoA molecule that enters the TCA, ____ pairs of e- are lots to electron carriers during the oxidation of 2 carbon atoms.
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4 e-
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Where do the carbon dioxide atoms come from?
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They are NOT from the initiating acetyl-CoA - those 2 form part of the backbone and make it all the way around the first cycle. 50% of the CO2 molecules released in the NEXT round came from the initiating acetyl-CoA. The carbon dioxide atoms that are released are the carbon atoms on either end of oxaloacetate.
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What are the inhibitory intermediates in the TCA?
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citrate
NADH Succinyl-CoA |
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What steps of the TCA can be activated? By what?
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Step 3 - isocitrate dehydrogenase
by Ca2+ and ADP Step 4 - alpha-ketoglut. by Ca2+ |
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How many ATP will eventually be made from one molecule of glucose?
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38
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What are the anaplerotic reactions of the TCA?
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a.a. broken down to replenish succinyl-CoA, fumarate, oxaloacetate and alpha-ketoglutarate
odd-chain fatty acid degradation makes succinyl-CoA carboxylation of pyruvate to make oxaloacetate |
