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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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TCP/IP
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a suite of protocols that are used to communicate with other computers on a network / Host, TCP/IP, IP Packet, Router, Firewall,
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ifconfig
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used to view, configure, and manage IP addresses on a network interface / ifconfig [interface] [address] [options] / the change is temporary /
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ifstatus
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used to display the status of a network interface
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route
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used to view and modify the routing table / route -n returns table of activated routes / no longer exists after you start server / EX: route add -net 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev eth0
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ip
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used to view, configure, and manage network interfaces and the routing table.
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ip aliases
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With ifconfig, you can define more than one IP address for a network card by using IP aliases
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ping
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used to test network connectivity using ICMP / first tool to always use / ping host
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traceroute
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used to identify the route an IP packet takes to a remote host / traceroute host
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netcat
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lets you connect ports between systems / use to copy files or send message to a particular service / netcat host port
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netstat
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determine the status of all network connections, routes, and interfaces on a host / displays the status of all open sockets and analyzes all network connections on the host
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tcpdump
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text protocol analyzer / packet sniffer / tcpdump -I interface
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ethereal
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GUI protocol analyzer / packet sniffer / install with YaST
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DNS
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Domain Name System / root domain(.) > top-level domains > domains > subdomains / each host has an FQDN that identifies its host name and domain name
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SOA
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"Start of Authority" - Paramter for the domain
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NS
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"DNS Server" - Name of one of the DNS servers for this domain
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MX
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"Mail Exchanger" - Name and priority of a mail server for this domain
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A
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"Address" - IP address of a computer
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PTR
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"Pointer" - Name of a computer
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CNAME
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"Canonical name" - Alias name for a computer
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zone file
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a specific domain in DNS that is represented by file on a DNS server that contains the records used for name resolution
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zone transfer
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An update of the information on the master server / the process whereby a master DNS server sends zone information to a slave DNS server
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resolv.conf
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client computer / has search and nameserver entries / search - list of names of domains / nameserver - specifies the IP address of a DNS server to use
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nsswitch.conf
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file applies to all programs that use the resolver functions of the current GNU
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both
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both entries here define that the first attempt to resolve a host name is done using the file /etc/hosts / if it fails, a DNS server resolves the name
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host
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the most important command-line tool for querying a DNS server / host computer nameserver
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dig
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Used to troubleshoot DNS problems / dig @nameserver computer type query_options
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nslookup
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name service lookup / older than the dig and host commands / used in current releases to query the DNS databse for the IP address or name of a server on the network
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NFS
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used to access files over the network
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export
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NA
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exportfs
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used share directories to NFS clients
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mount
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NA
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fuser
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displays the users and processes that are accessing a certain directory
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samba
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a set of services in Linux that provides the SMB and CIFS protocols for file and printer sharing with Windows computers
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CIFS
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used to access file over network in windows
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SMB
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Server Message Block / a file and printer-sharing protocol used by Windows systems
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testparm
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checks the syntax of /etc/samba/smb.conf
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nmblookup
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displays NetBIOS computer names for hosts
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smbclient
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FTP interface for linux to connect to windows
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smbstatus
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displays current Samba server connections
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CUPS
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pring system which supports the socket, LPD, IPP, and SMB printing protocols
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PPD
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PostScript Printer Description / a printing format that is widely used by many printers and systems
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lpadmin
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used to create and manage CUPS printers
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lpoptions
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used to create or change printing options, such as resolution
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lpr
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used to create a print job
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lpq
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used to view print jobs in the print queue
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lprm
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used to remove a print job from the print queue
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NIS
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Only for Linux and Unix
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LDAP
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Works on all OS
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cn
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canonical domain / means only one / your username
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ou
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organization unit / you belong to a group called 'ou'
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dc
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domain compontent /
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MIME
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Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions / a standard used for attaching files to emails
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SMTP
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the protocol used to send e-mails to MTAs on the internet
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MTA
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Mail Transfer Agent / gets it delivered to the mail server / sendmail or postfix
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MDA
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Mail Delivery Agent / puts it in your mail box / Procmail
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MUA
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Mail User Agent / used to access your mailbox / Outlook, Kmail, Yahoo, Gmail
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Postfix
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checks for Postfix configuration problems
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Sendmail
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a common MTA on Linux systems
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Procmail
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a common MDA on Linux systems
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mail clients
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thunderbirds
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inetd
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starts daemons when you need them
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xinetd
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new and improved inetd
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TCP wrapper
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it is like an access control list for accessing daemons
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hosts.allow
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like ACL allow
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hosts.deny
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like ACL deny
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ssh
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secure shell / a software service that provides an encrypted shell session to and from remote computers
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dhcp
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Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol / assigns IP information
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apache2
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web server
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virtual memory
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memory on disk
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resident set
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pages that are in memory at this instance / portion of process that is in meory
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working set size
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the number of pages
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page fault
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NA
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thrashing
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swapping out a page of a process just before that piece is needed
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principle of locality
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program and data references within a process tend to cluster / only a few pieces of a process will be needed over a short period
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paging
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a bit is needed to indicate whether the page is in main memory or not / 1-in physical memory / 0-not in physical memory
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page
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chunks of a process
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frame
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chunks of memory
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page table
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each process has its own page table
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p bit
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if p bit is 0
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m bit
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if no frame, checks m bit and is 0 it is a good canidate for using for virtual memory
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critical section
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a section of code within a process that requires access to shared resources and which may not be executed while another process is in a correspoindng section of code
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deadlock
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a situation in which two or more processes are unable to process because each is waiting for one of the others to do something
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livelock
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a situation in which two or more process continuously change their state in response to changes in the other processes without doing any useful work
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mutual exclusion
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requirement that when on eprocess is in a critical section that access share resources, no other process may be in a critical section that accesses any of those shared resources
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race condition
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a situation in which multiple threads or processes read and write a shared data item and the final result depends on the relative timing of their execution
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starvation
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a situation in which a runnable process is overlooked indef. By the scheduler
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semaphore
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special variable used for signalling / if a process is waiting for a signal, it is suspended until that signal is sent / has an integer value
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deadlock
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permanent blocking of a set of processes that either compete for system resources or communicate with each other
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hold-and-wait
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a process may hold allocated resources while awaiting assignment of others
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no preemption
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no resource can be forcibly removed from a process holding it
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circular wait
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NA
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dining philosophers
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NA
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