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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)?
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An API that allows an application to communicate with a database
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What is Object Linking and Embedding Database (OLE DB)?
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Windows DB.
Separates data into components that run as middleware on a client or server. Allows access to data no matter where it is located or how it is formatted Replacement for ODBC which extends features and supports more non relational databases including spreadsheets |
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What is ActiveX Data Objects (ADO)?
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API that allows applications to access back end database systems
Set of ODBC interface Uses OLE DB interface to connect with the database Programmers can access data without knowing how the db is implemented Does not require SQL commands |
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What is Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)?
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API that allows a java ap to communicate with a db
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What is Data Definition Language (DDL)?
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Defines the structure and schema of the database
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What is Data Manipulation Language (DML)?
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Contains all the commands that enable the user to view, manipulate and use the db
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What is Semantic integrity?
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Makes sure structural and semantic rules are enforced (data types, logical values, uniqueness constraints)
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What is Referential integrity?
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All foreign keys reference existing primary keys
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What is Entity integrity?
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Tuples are uniquely identified by primary key
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What does the security concern "Aggregation" refer to?
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When user does not have the clearance or permission to access specific info, but does have permission to access components of info - can figure out the rest
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What does the security concern "Inference" refer to?
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The intended result of aggregation. When subject deduces full story from pieces learned thru aggregation
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What is Polyinstantiation?
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Allows multiple tuples with same primary keys, but different security level
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What is Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)?
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Used when dbs are clustered to provide fault tolerance & higher performance.
Provides mechanism to watch for problems and deal with them as they occur Transactions happen properly or not at all. |
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What are the 8 steps in SDLC?
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Project Initiation (Establish need)
Functional Design Design Specification Build Test Implementation Operations and Maintenance Retire |
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What is the Waterfall software development method?
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Classical method using discrete phases of development that require formal reviews and documentation before moving on to next
Can't go back to previous phases Little or no customer involvement |
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What is the Spiral software development method?
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Builds upon waterfall, with emphasis on risk analysis, prototypes, simulations at different phases
Repeats each stage Get customer involvement Security from beginning |
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What is the Rapid Application Development (RAD) software development method?
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Determining user requirements and developing system quickly. Prototyping
Immediately get user involvement XP - eXtreme Programming |
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What are the 5 levels of Capability Maturity Model (CMM)?
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Initial
Repeatable Defined Managed Optimized |
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In object oriented programming, what is a Message?
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Communication to an object to carry out an operation (input)
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In object oriented programming, what is a Method?
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The code that defines the action of the object in response to a message
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In object oriented programming, what is Behavior?
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Results exhibited by an object in response to a message
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In object oriented programming, what is a Class?
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Collection of common objects
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In object oriented programming, what is an Instance?
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Objects are instances of classes that contain their methods
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In object oriented programming, what is Delegation?
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Forwarding a request by an object to another object
no method to service the request itself |
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In object oriented programming, what is Encapsulation?
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Can't see inside an object
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In object oriented programming, what is a Polymorphism?
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The development of a new version of an object from another object replacing variables with other values.
Different objects can have the same name |
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What is Object Oriented Requirements Analysis (OORA)?
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Defines classes of objects and interactions between them
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What is Object Oriented Analysis (OOA)?
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Understanding and modeling a problem within a problem domain
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What is Domain Analysis (DA)?
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Identify objects and classes common to all applications within a domain
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What is Cohesion in Object Oriented Programming?
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How many types of tasks a module can carry out.
High cohesion if one task or several very similar tasks |
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What is Coupling in Object Oriented Programming?
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Measurement of how much interaction one module requires to carry out its task.
Low or loose coupling - modules communicate with fewer other modules. High or tight coupling means it depends on many other modules |
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What is Distributed Data Processing (DDP)?
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Used with multiple offices exhanging data. Each office maintains local copy and synchronize at regular intervals with main site.
Decentralized organizational structure |
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What is Peer to Peer?
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A type of DDP
Applications interact on an equal basis Any platform can act as a client, or a server or both Used when we need to access or integrate data on multiple platforms and there is a need for a common interface |
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What is Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)?
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OO standard architecture developed by OMG
Enables applications to communicate with one another no matter where the aps are located or who developed them Defines the APIs, communication protocol and communication Clients request services from objects Provides standards to build a complete distributed environment |
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What are Object Request Brokers (ORBs)?
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Objects made available to users across networks.
ORBs are middleware because they reside between two other entities Establishes client/server relationship between objects |
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What is COM?
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Allows for interprocess communication within one application or between applications on the same computer system
Formerly OLE COM enables apps to use components on same system |
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What is DCOM?
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COM across networks
DCOM enables apps to access objects that reside in different parts of the network Only ran on MS - proprietary |
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What is Black-box testing?
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method of testing software that tests the functionality of an application as opposed to its internal structures or workings
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What is White-box testing?
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Tests internal structures or workings of an application as opposed to its functionality
Detailed exam of a logical path, checking the possible conditions. |
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What is Regression testing?
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Verification that what is being installed does not affect any portion of the application system already installed. It generally requires the support of automated process to repeat tests previously undertaken.
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What is Integration testing?
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Aimed at finding bugs in the relationship and interfaces between pairs of components. It does not normally test all functions
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What is an Assembler?
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Converts machine-code into binary machine instructions. Translate assembly language into machine language.
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What is an Interpreter?
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Reads higher level code, one line at the time to produce machine instructions
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What is the difference between Verification and Validation?
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Verification determines if the product accurately represents and meets the specifications.
Validation determines if the product provides the necessary solution intended real-world problem. Verification is doing the job right, Validation is doing the right job |
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What is database cardinality?
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The number of rows in the relation
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What is database degree?
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The number of columns in the relation
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What are the classes of SQL operators?
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Select, Project, and Join
Join includes Union, Difference and Product |
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What is the purpose of Parallel Testing?
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To ensure the implementation of a new system will meet all user requirements
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In terms of Cohesion and Coupling, what is best?
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High cohesion, low coupling
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