Cis Ch 4

Front 1

System Unit

Back 1

a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data

Front 2

Motherboard

Back 2

(system board) the main circuit board of the system unit

Front 3

chip

Back 3

a small piece of semiconducting material, usually silicon, on which integrated circuits are attached.

Front 4

CPU

Back 4

(Central Processing Unit) (Processor) interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer.

Front 5

Multi-core processor

Back 5

a chip with two or more separate processor cores.

Front 6

ALU

Back 6

(Arithmetic Logic Unit) the component of the processor that performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations.

Front 7

System clock

Back 7

a small quartz crystal circuit that controls the timing of all computer operations.

Front 8

clock speed

Back 8

the pace of the system clock (measured by number of ticks per second)

Front 9

four steps in the Machine Cycle

Back 9

(a student enters a math problem into the memory of the computer)
1. The control unit fetches the math problem's instructions and data from memory
2. The control unit decodes the math problem's instructions and sends the instructions and data to the ALU.
3. The ALU performs calculations on the data.
4. The results of the math problem are stored in memory.
(The results in memory appear on the screen of the monitor)

Front 10

binary system

Back 10

a number system that has just two unique digits, 0 and 1, called bits

Front 11

bit (binary digit)

Back 11

the smallest unit of data that computers can process

Front 12

byte

Back 12

provides enough different combinations of 0s and 1s to represent 256 individual characters

Front 13

memory

Back 13

consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by the instructions, and the results of processing the data

Front 14

volatile memory

Back 14

lost when the computer is turned off

Front 15

nonvolatile memory

Back 15

doesn't loose its contents when the computer is turned off

Front 16

RAM memory

Back 16

(Random Access Memory) consists of memory chips that can be read from and written to by the processor and other devices

Front 17

ROM memory

Back 17

(Read Only Memory) refers to the memory chips storing permanent data and instructions

Front 18

memory module

Back 18

a small circuit board where the RAM chips reside

Front 19

memory slot

Back 19

hold memory modules

Front 20

Cache

Back 20

helps speed the processor of a computer because it stores frequently used instructions and data

Front 21

L1 Cache

Back 21

built directly into the processor chip (very small capacity)

Front 22

L2 Cache

Back 22

slightly slower that L1 cache, but much larger capacity

Front 23

flash memory

Back 23

a type of nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten

Front 24

CMOS

Back 24

provides high speeds and consumes little power

Front 25

ccess time

Back 25

the amount of time it takes the processor to read data, instructions, and information from memory

Front 26

nanosecond

Back 26

one billionth of a second

Front 27

expansion slot

Back 27

a socket on the motherboard that can hold an adapter card

Front 28

adapter card

Back 28

(expansion card) a circuit board that enhances functions of a component of the system and/or provides connections to peripherals

Front 29

flash memory

Back 29

a type of nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten

Front 30

video card

Back 30

(graphics card) converts computer output into a video signal that travels through a cable to the monitor, which displays an image on the screen

Front 31

sound card

Back 31

enhances the sound-generating capabilities of a personal computer by allowing sound to be input through a microphone and output through external speakers or headphones

Front 32

USB hub

Back 32

a device that plugs in a USB port on the system unit and contains multiple USB ports in which you can plug cables from USB devices

Front 33

memory card

Back 33

a removable flash memory device, usually no bigger than 1.5" in height or width, that you insert and remove from a slot in a personal computer, game console, mobile device, or a card reader

Front 34

port

Back 34

the point at which a peripheral attaches to or communicates with a system unit so that the peripheral can send data to or receive information from the computer

Front 35

USB port

Back 35

(Universal Serial Bus port)can connect up to 127 different peripheral together with a singel connector

Front 36

FireWire Pirt

Back 36

similar to USB port in that it can connect multiple types of devices that require faster speeds

Front 37

SCSI port

Back 37

a special high-speed parallel port that allows you to attach SCSI peripherals

Front 38

port replicator

Back 38

an external device that provides connection to peripherals through ports built into the device

Front 39

docking station

Back 39

an external device that attaches a mobile computer or device

Front 40

bus

Back 40

an electronic channel

Front 41

system bus

Back 41

(front side bus) (FSB) port of the motherboard and connects the processor to main memory

Front 42

backside bus

Back 42

(BSB) connects the processor to cache

Front 43

expansion bus

Back 43

allows the processor to communicate with peripherals

Front 44

power supply

Back 44

the component of the system unit that converts the wall outlet AC power into DC power

Front 45

things used to clean a computer

Back 45

can of compressed air, anti-static wipes, screen cleaner, computer vacuum, anti-static wristband, small screwdriver

Front 46

cleaning process for computer

Back 46

1. turn off and remove battery/ cables from exterior ports
2. compressed air to blow away dust
3. screen cleaner
4. computer vacuum
OR
take it to a professional