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121 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MIS infrastructure
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includes the plans for how a firm will build, deploy, use, and share its data, processes, and MIS assets.
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Backup
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an exact copy of a system's information.
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Recovery
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the ability to get a system up and running in the event of a system crash or failure.
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Disaster recovery plan
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a detailed process for recovering information or an IT system in the even of a catastrophic disaster such as fire and flood.
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Disaster recovery cost curve
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Chars (1) the cost to the organization of the unavailability of information and technology and (2) the cost to the organization of recovering from a disaster over time.
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Hot site
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a separate and fully equipped facility where the company can move immediately after a disaster and resume business.
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Cold site
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a separate facility that does not have any computer equipment , but is a place where employees can move after a disaster.
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Warm site
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a separate facility with computer equipment that requires installation and configuration.
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Business continuity planning (BCP)
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a plan for how an organization will recover and restore partially or completely interrupted critical function(s) within a predetermined time after a disaster or extended disruption.
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Business Impact analysis
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identifies all critical business functions and the effect that a specific disaster may have upon them.
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Technology failure
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occurs when the ability of a company to operate is impaired because of a hardware, software, or data outage.
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Incident
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Unplanned interruption of a service.
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Incident management
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the process responsible for managing how incidents are identified and corrected.
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Characteristics of an agile MIS infrastructure
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Accessibility, availability, maintainability, portability, reliability, scalability, usability.
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Accessibility
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Refers to the varying levels that define what a user can access, view, or perform when operating a system.
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Web accessibility
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allows people with disabilities to use the Web.
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Administrator access
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unrestricted access to the entire system.
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Maintainability
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how quickly a system can transform to support environmental changes
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Portability
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the ability of an application to operate on different devices or software platforms.
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Reliability
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ensures a system is functioning correctly and providing accurate information.
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Scalablity
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how well a system can scale up, or adapt to the increased demands of growth
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Performance
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measures how quickly a system performs a process or transaction.
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Capacity planning
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determines future environmental infrastructure requirements to ensure high quality system performance.
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Usability
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the degree to which a system is easy to learn and efficient and satisfying to use.
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Serviceability
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how quickly a third-party can change a system to ensure it meets user needs and the terms of any contracts, including agreed levels of reliability, maintainability, or availability,
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Moore's Law
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refers to the computer chip performance per dollar doubles every 18 months.
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Sustainable
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describes the production, management, use, and disposal of technology in a way that minimizes damage to the environment.
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Corporate social responsibility
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companies acknowledged responsibility to society
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Ewaste
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refers to discarded, obsolete or broken electronic devices
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Sustainable MIS disposal
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refers to the safe disposal of MIS assets at the end of their life cycle.
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Energy consumption
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the amount of energy consumed by business process and systems.
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Carbon emissions
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carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide produced by business processes and systems.
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Grid computing
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a collection of computers often geographically dispersed, that are coordinated to solve a common problem.
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Virtualization
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creates multiple "virtual" machines on a single computing device.
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Data center
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A facility used to house management information systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems.
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Sustainable data centers
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reduces carbon emissions, reduces required floor space, chooses geographic location.
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Cloud computing
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a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.
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Cloud computing
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multi-tenancy, single-tenancy, cloud fabric.
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Infrastructure as a Service
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offers computer hardware and networking equipment on a pay-per-use basis.
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Software as a service
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offers applications on a pay-per-use basis
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Platform as a service
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offers hardware, networking, and application on a pay-per-use basis.
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Information Levels
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Individual, Department, Enterprise
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Information Formats
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Document, Presentation , Spreadsheets, Database.
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Information Granualarities
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Detail( fine), summary, aggregate, (coarse)
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Transactional information
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encompasses all of the information contained within a single business process or unit of work, and its primary purpose is to support the performing of daily operational tasks.
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Analytical information
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encompasses all organizational information, and its primary purpose is to support the performing of managerial analysis tasks.
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Database management systems (DBMS)
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allows users to create, read, update, and delete data in a relational database.
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Data element
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the smallest or basic unit of information.
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Data model
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logical data structures that detail the relationships among data elements using graphics or pictures
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Metadata
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provides details about data
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Data dictionary
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compiles all of the metadata about the data elements in the data model.
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Entity
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a person, place, thing, transaction, or event about which information is stored. ( The rows in a table contain entities ).
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Attribute (filed, column )
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The data elements associated with an entity
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Record
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a collection of related data elements.
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Primary key
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a field (or group of fields ) that uniquely identifies a given entity in a table.
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Foreign key
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a primary key of one table that appears an attribute is another table and acts to provide a logical relationship among the two tables.
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Information Redundancy
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the duplication of data or storing the same information in multiple places.
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Information integrity
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measures the quality of information
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Integrity constraint
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rules that help ensure the quality of information
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Access level
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determines who has access to the different types of information
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access control
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determines types of users access, such as read-only access.
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Data-driven websites
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An interactive website kept constantly updated and relevant to the needs of its customers using a database
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Extraction, transformation, and loading (ETL)
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A process that extracts information from internal and external databases, transforms the information using a common set of enterprise definitions, and loads the information into a data warehouse
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Data mart
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Contains a subset of data warehouse information
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Information cleansing or scrubbing
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A process that weeds out and fixes or discards inconsistent, incorrect, or incomplete information
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Data mining
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The process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone
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Data-mining tools
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use a variety of techniques to find patterns and relationships in large volumes of information
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Structured data
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data already in a database or a spreadsheet
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unstructured data
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data does not exist in a fixed location and can include text documents, PDFs, voice messages, emails.
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Text mining
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Analyzes unstructured data to find trends and patterns in words and sentences.
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Web mining
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Analyzes unstructured data associated with websites to identify consumer behavior and website navigation.
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Cluster analysis
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A technique used to divide an information set into mutually exclusive groups such that the members of each group are as close together as possible to one another and the different groups are as far apart as possible
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Association detection
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Reveals the relationship between variables along with the nature and frequency of the relationships
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Statistical analysis
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Performs such functions as information correlations, distributions, calculations, and variance analysis
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Forecast
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Predictions made on the basis of time-series information
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Time-series information
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Time-stamped information collected at a particular frequency
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Data model
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The logical data structures that detail the relationships among data elements using graphics or pictures
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Entity-relationship diagram (ERD)
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A technique for documenting the relationships between entities in a database environment
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Composite entities
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Entities that exist to represent the relationship between two other entities
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Cardinality
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expresses the specific number of entity occurrences associated with one occurrence of the related entity
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Primary key
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A field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given entity in a table
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Foreign key
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A primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in another file and acts to provide a logical relationship between the two files
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Local area network (LAN)
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Connects a group of computers in close proximity, such as in an office building, school, or home
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Wide area network (WAN)
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Spans a large geographic area such as a state, province, or country
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Metropolitan area network (MAN)
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A large computer network usually spanning a city
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National service providers (NSPs)
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Private companies that own and maintain the worldwide backbone that supports the Internet
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Network access points (NAPs)
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Traffic exchange points in the routing hierarchy of the Internet that connects NSPs
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Regional service providers (RSPs)
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Offer Internet service by connecting to NSPs, but they also can connect directly to each other
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Bandwidth
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The maximum amount of data that can pass from one point to another in a unit of time
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Broadband
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A high-speed Internet connection that is always connected
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Protocol
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A standard that specifies the format of data as well as the rules to be followed during transmission
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Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP)
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Provides the technical foundation for the public Internet as well as for large numbers of private networks
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Domain name system
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Converts IP addresses into domains
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Unified communication (UC)
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The integration of communication channels into a single service
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Peer-to-peer (P2P)
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A computer network that relies on the computing power and bandwidth of the participants in the network rather than a centralized server
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Voice over IP (VoIP)
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Uses IP technology to transmit telephone calls
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Internet Protocol TV (IPTV)
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Distributes digital video content using IP across the Internet and private IP networks
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SSL Certificate
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An electronic document that confirms the identity of a website or server and verifies that a public key belongs to a trustworthy individual or company
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Secure hypertext transfer protocol (SHTTP or HTTPS)
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A combination of HTTP and SSL to provide encryption and secure identification of an Internet server
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Personal area networks (PAN)
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Provide communication over a short distance that is intended for use with devices that are owned and operated by a single user
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Bluetooth
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Wireless PAN technology that transmits signals over short distances between cell phones, computers, and other devices
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Wireless LAN (WLAN)
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A local area network that uses radio signals to transmit and receive data over distances of a few hundred feet
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Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi)
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A means by which portable devices can connect wirelessly to a local area network, using access points that send and receive data via radio waves
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Access point
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The computer or network device that serves an as interface between devices and the network
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Wireless access point
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Enables devices to connect to a wireless network to communicate with each other
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Multiple-in/multiple-out technology
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Multiple transmitters and receivers allowing them to send and receive greater amounts of data than traditional networking devices
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Wireless MAN (WMAN)
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A metropolitan area network that uses radio signals to transmit and receive data
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Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)
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A communications technology aimed at providing high-speed wireless data over metropolitan area networks
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Wireless WAN (WWAN)
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A wide area network that uses radio signals to transmit and receive data
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Radio frequency identification (RFID)
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Uses electronic tags and labels to identify objects wirelessly over short distances
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Server
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A computer that is dedicated to providing information in response to external requests
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Network operating system (NOS)
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The operating system that runs a network, steering information between computers and managing security and users
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Packet-switching
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Occurs when the sending computer divides a message into a number of efficiently sized units called packets, each of which contains the address of the destination computer
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Router
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An intelligent connecting device that examines each packet of data it receives and then decides which way to send it onward toward its destination
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Network topology
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Refers to the geometric arrangement of the actual physical organization of the computers and other network devices) in a network
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Protocol
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A standard that specifies the format of data as well as the rules to be followed during transmission
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Interoperability
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The capability of two or more computer systems to share data and resources, even though they are made by different manufacturers
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Ethernet
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A physical and data layer technology for LAN networking
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Network transmission media
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Refers to the various types of media used to carry the signal between computers
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Wire media
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Transmission material manufactured so that signals will be confined to a narrow path and will behave predictably
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Wireless media
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Natural parts of the Earth’s environment that can be used as physical paths to carry electrical signals
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