Cis 110 Midterm Study Guide

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the ability of the world's populace to volunteer and collaborate on large projects called

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creative surplus

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Joining as a group to use a specific product more efficiently

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collaborative consumption

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field of study is helping robots evolve toward a more human appearance

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affective computing

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IMITATES PATIENT CONDITIONS AND HOSPITAL STAFF GETS AN OPPORTUNITY TO PRACTICE MEDICAL INTERVENTIONS.

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patient simulators

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MICROPROCESSOR USED FOR VERIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION PURPOSES.

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Verichips

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CHIP WITH A NUMBER LINKED TO MEDICAL RECORDS

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biomedical chip implant

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USES RADIO FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS TO TRANSFER DATA FOR PURPOSES OF AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION AND TRACKING

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RFID tags

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8 binary digits

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combine to create 1 byte

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A digit that corresponds to the on and off states of a computer’s switches. Contains a value of either 0 or 1

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bit

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ANY LETTER OR NUMBER, SPACE, PUNCTUATION, OR SYMBOL THAT CAN BY TYPED ON A COMPUTER. EACH REPRESENTS ONE BYTE OF SPACE

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character

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An interface through which external devices are connected to the computer

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port

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A special shelf inside a computer that is designed to hold storage devices

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drive bay

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(adapter card) A circuit board with specific functions that augment the computer’s basic functions and provide connections to other devices; examples include the sound card and the video card

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expansion card

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port that can connect a wide variety of peripheral devices to the computer, including keyboards, printers, mice, smartphones, PDAs, flash drives, and digital cameras

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USB port

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A printer that sprays ink or uses laser beams to make marks on the paper. The most common are inkjet and laser printers

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non-impact printer

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A printer that works either by melting wax-based ink onto ordinary paper (in a process called thermal wax transfer printing) or by burning dots onto specially coated paper (in a process called direct thermal printing).

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thermal printer

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A printer that has tiny hammer-like keys that strike the paper through an inked ribbon, thus making a mark on the paper. The most common impact printer is the dot-matrix printer. (considered legacy technology)

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dot-matrix printer

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A clip of audio or video content that is broadcast over the Internet using compressed audio or video files in formats such as MP3

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podcast

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The broadcast of audio or video content over the Internet. Unlike a podcast, it is not updated automatically

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webcast

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(blog) a personal log or journal posted on the Web

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weblog

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An electronic mailing list of people who wish to receive specified information from the Internet.

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listserv

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term used for software that is designed for a specific industry

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vertical market software

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Programs used to create and edit written documents such as papers, letters, and résumés.

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word-processing software

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- An application program for creating dynamic slide shows such as Microsoft PowerPoint or Apple Keynote.

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presentation software

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The set of programs that enables a computer’s hardware devices and application software to work together; it includes the operating system and utility programs

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system software

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An application program such as Microsoft Excel or Lotus 1-2-3 that enables a user to do calculations and numerical analyses easily

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spreadsheet software

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the term used for software that is developed for a specific company

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proprietary software

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In Windows 7, a folder that is used to display files from different locations as if they were all saved in a single folder, regardless of where they are actually stored in the file hierarchy

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library

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A hierarchical structure that include files, folders, and drives used to create a more organized and efficient computer

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directory

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a collection of files stored on a computer

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folder

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A collection of related pieces of information stored together for easy reference; in database terminology, a file or table is a group of related records.

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file

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List the operating systems commonly used in mainframe networks

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UNIX
IBM i/OS
IBM z/OS

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A method of optical storage for digital data; originally developed for storing digital audio. (a single-sided one can store up to 700MB of data)

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CD

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A method of optical storage for digital data that has greater storage capacity than compact discs. (a single-sided one can store up to 4.7GB of data)

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DVD

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A method of optical storage for digital data, developed for storing high-definition media. It has the largest storage capacity of all optical storage options. (a single-sided one can store up to 25 GB of data). A double-sided one can store up to 50GB of data, enough to hold approximately 4.5 hours of movies in high-definition (HD) digital format

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Blu-ray Disc

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How is data stored on CDs, DVDs, & Blu-ray Discs?

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pits burned into the disc by high-speed laser

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How is data read from CDs, DVDs, & Blu-ray Discs?

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Data is read from a disc by a laser beam, with the pits and nonpits translating into the 1s & 0s of the binary code computers understand

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What color laser is used to read & write CDs & DVDs?

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red laser

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What color laser is used to read & write Blu-ray Discs?

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blue laser

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A utility that regroups related pieces of files on the hard drive, enabling faster retrieval of the data.

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disc defragmenter utility

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What is the unique number assigned to a network adapter by the manufacturer called?

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MAC- (media access control)

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A wide area network (WAN) that links users in a specific geographic area (such as within a city or county).

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MAN (metropolitan area network)

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A network in which the nodes are located within a small geographic area.

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LAN (local area network)

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A network located in a home that is used to connect all of its digital devices.

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HAN (home area network)

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A network made up of local area networks (LANs) connected over long distances

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WAN (wide area network)

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type of software license that permits a user to install some of its software legally on as many as five computers that are in the same household

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multi-user license

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type of multi-user license that limits the number of users overall

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per-seat license

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type of multi-user license that limits the number of users accessing the software at any given time

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concurrent license

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type of software license that grants the recipients the right to modify and redistribute the software

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GPL- (General public license)

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Technology that enables short text messages (up to 160 characters) to be sent over mobile networks.

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SMS (short message service)

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How does SMS deliver messages to mobile devices?

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-SMS uses the cell phone network to transmit messages. When you send an SMS message, an SMS calling center receives the message and delivers it to the appropriate mobile device using something called store-and-forward technology. This technology allows users to send SMS messages to any other SMS device in the world

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An extension of short message service (SMS) that enables messages that include text, sound, images, and video clips to be sent from a cell phone to other phones or e-mail addresses.

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MMS (multimedia message service)

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A type of wireless technology that uses radio waves to transmit data over short distances. Often used to connect peripherals such as printers and keyboards to computers or headsets to cell phones

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Bluetooth technology

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What are the transmission ranges for Bluetooth 1 & 2

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approximately 30 feet for Bluetooth 1 and 60 feet for Bluetooth

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A procedure in data communications in which data are stored at some point between the sender and the receiver and are later forwarded to the receiver

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store-and-forward

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A small text file that some Web sites automatically store on a client computer’s hard drive when a user visits the site

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cookies (also known as tracking cookies)

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A process that firewalls use to assign internal Internet Protocol (IP) addresses on a network

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NAT (network address translation)

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What do firewalls or routers use NAT (network address translation) for?

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to assign internal IP addresses on a network. The internal IP addresses are used only on the internal network and therefore cannot be detected by hackers

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What is the current USB standard and how fast does it transmit data?

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USB 2.0; transfers data at 480 megabits per second

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What did USB ports replace?

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the traditional serial port which sends data one bit at a time

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List the parts of a URL
i.e. http://www.nytimes.com/pages/cartoons

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-http is the protocol (hypertext transfer protocol)
-www.nytimes.com is the domain name
-.com is the top-level domain(TLD)
-pages/cartoons is the path or subdirectory

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The computer’s temporary storage space or short-term memory. It is located in a set of chips on the system unit’s motherboard, and its capacity is measured in megabytes or gigabytes; volatile memory

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RAM (random access memory)

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Where is data stored when RAM is full?

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on the hard drive

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What type of memory is used when storage space has to be borrowed from the hard drive?

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virtual memory

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A set of memory chips, located on the motherboard, which stores data and instructions that cannot be changed or erased; it holds all the instructions the computer needs to start up; non-volatile

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ROM (read-only memory)

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where various hardware systems are permanently stored; a special kind of memory that uses almost no power; contains information about the system’s memory, types of disk drives, and other essential input and output hardware components

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CMOS

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The part of the system unit of a computer that is responsible for data processing (the “brains” of the computer); it is the largest and most important chip in the computer. Controls all the functions performed by the computer’s other components and processes all the commands issued to it by software instructions

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CPU (central processing unit)

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one billion machine cycles per second; refers to the CPU

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Gigaghertz

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one million machine cycles per second; refers to CPU

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Megahertz

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one billion bytes; refers to storage devices such as hard drives

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Gigabyte (GB)

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thousand bytes; refers to storage devices

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Kilobyte (KB)

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How many bytes are in a Megabyte?

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one million

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How many bytes are in a Terabyte?

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one trillion

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provides the computer with a connection to the Internet via conventional phone lines

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modem

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cable that transmits data at close to the speed of light along glass or plastic fibers.
-connects nodes (devices connected to a network); used for wired network

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fiber-optic cable

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Where is the operating system of a cell phone stored?

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the OS is stored in ROM (read-only memory)

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Why was the Internet developed originally?

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-The concept of the Internet was developed while the U.S. was in the midst of the Cold War with the Soviet Union. The U.S. armed forces needed a computer system that would operate efficiently and that was located in various parts of the country so that it could not be disrupted easily in the event of an attack. At the same time, researchers hoped the Internet would address the problems involved with getting different computers to communicate with each other. The Internet was created to respond to these two concerns: establishing a secure form of military communications and creating a means by which all computers could communicate.

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Any copyrighted software that can be used for free

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freeware

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software that is still in the initial testing phase and has yet to be released to the general public

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alpha-version software

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A program that is hosted on a Web site and does not require installation on the computer

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web-based application

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software-as-a-service (SaaS); Software that is delivered on demand over the Internet

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internet-based software

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A device that enables the computer (or peripheral) to communicate with the network using a common data communication language, or protocol

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network adapter card

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a device that converts (modulates) digital signals into analog signal that can travel over phone lines; they can also translate (demodulate) received analog signals back to digital signals

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modem

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Part of the operating system that enables individuals to interact with the computer

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user interface window

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Name the different parts of the CPU

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control unit; arithmetic logic unit (ALU); core; cache memory; FSB (front-side bus)

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coordinates the activities of all the other computer components

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control unit

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) is responsible for performing all the arithmetic calculations; it also makes logic and comparison decisions such as comparing items to determine if one is greater than, less than, equal to, or not equal to another

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ALU (arithmetic logic unit)

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a complete processing section from a CPU embedded into one physical chip

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core

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a type of random-access memory that can be reached much more quickly than regular RAM

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the CPU's cache memory

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the main path for data movement within the system, carrying data from the CPU to memory, the video card, and other components on the motherboard

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FSB (front-side bus)

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What is the function of the CPU's clock speed?

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dictates how many instructions the CPU can finish in one second

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What computer technology is in current use by museums?

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-Many museums have virtual tours on their Web sites that allow students to examine objects in the museum collections. The Art Project is one collaboration of several museums that allows online visitors to explore over a thousand pieces of art using the same technology employed in Google Street View.

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a device that connects to one port, such as a USB port, to provide additional new ports

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expansion hub

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an interface in the Microsoft Office suite that groups related commands into tabs for easy access

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ribbon

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A picture on a computer display that represents an object such as a software application or a file or folder

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icon

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On the desktop, the bar that appears at the side or bottom of the window and controls which part of the information is displayed on the screen

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scroll bar

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In software this is located at the bottom of the GUI (graphical user interface) that shows the user different bits of information about the program they are using. For example, on a Web browser, it shows the progress of loading of Web pages into the browser window. In a word processing program, it would typically display information about the cursor's position within the document and often offer additional functionality, like quick access to commonly used word processing commands.

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status bar