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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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is the study, design, development, implementation, support, and management of computer-based information systems particularly and hardware
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Information technology
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Without people, computers are just plastic boxes. People who use computers are
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end-users
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is the knowledge that enables a person to understand a computing system and its relationship to business.
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Computer competency
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is the process, technique, or method that is most effective at arriving at a desired outcome.
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Best practice
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is something with practical use and expected outcome
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Computer application
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computing power doubles every 18 months
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Moore's law
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super/large computers
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Mainframe
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smaller than mainframe, but similar in effectiveness
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mid range computers
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simply computers, or boxes (desktops, laptops,handhelds)
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microcomputers
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is most important of system software. it becomes a platform for application software to work
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Operating system
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is small, quick memory because it stores/copied information from the most regularly used part in main memory. It decrease the time it takes to access memory.
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Cache:
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is a storage that allows stored data to be accessed in any random order without physical movement of the storage media.
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RAM
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extremely fast, very small amounts of memory used to quicken the implementation of computer programs by providing access to commonly used calculated values
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Registers:
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is the memory the OS uses to coordinate, track, and efficiently allocate the use of cpucache, registers, ram, and disk storage
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Virtual memory
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is the main body of a computer. it contains the motherboard
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System unit
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it encloses the main components of computer
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Microcomputer=box=case=chassis
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is measured by clock rate which is the cycles per second that a computer can perform its most basic tasks. It's measured in gigahertz
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Speed
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are pathways (or roads in our analogy) that transfer data and power between components inside of a computer, and sometimes between computers. They are controlled by software that enables them to connect peripheral devices like computer cards and printers
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Bus lines:
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A bit is a binary digit (0 or 1)
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8 bits=1 byte.
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0 or 1
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Binary Digit
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Microcomputers use this coding scheme
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ASCII coding scheme.
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is volatile, not permanent like RAM.
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Primary Storage
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is non-volatile. saves information for ever.
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secondary storage
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is a primary circuit board which holds and connects computer components.
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motherboard
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is a logical and economical way to replace what would be loose wiring by applying copper wires directly to a sheet of nonproductive plastic
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circuit board (also called a printed circuit board/ PCB)
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Operating systems are referred as:
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platforms
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job/task a computer performs. When a computer has more than 1 process, it's multitasking.
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Process
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is non-volatile, secondary storage that is recorded to a physical device, like a hard drive or optical disk with a read/write apparatus
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Disk storage
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is like a table of contents for the disk. It directs the read/write arm of the hard drive to where data exists and accesses it.
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File Allocation Table (FAT)
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is a way to store and organize a user's work represented by computer files to the memory of a computer
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File management
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When a computer is connected to one or more computers, it is called a
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network
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is a set of rules for transferring information from one computer to another. They break up files into packets and passes them from one comp to another.
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TCP/IP
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refers to making copies of data. archiving is when data that is no longer used on a daily basis is stored electronically, if it needs to be accessed someday.
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data backup
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is the ways a computer can store data and information.
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storage
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how much information it can hold
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capacity
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: software in which the source code is made available to the program's users
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open source:
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the amount of time that lapses between a request for information from memory and the delivery of the information
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access time
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is a secondary storage that uses rigid disks that have magnets.
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hard drive
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a general term for computer components that offer nonvolatile retention of computer data and program instructions
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storage:
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are susceptible to loses. Disappears forever if the power fails
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Volatile memory
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are not susceptible to loss, data is preserved
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nonvolatile memory
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circuitry that stores information temporarily so that it is readily available to the CPU
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memory
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a program file that contains specific information needed by the OS so that a specific brand or model of device will function
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device driver
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represent ones and zeros with positive or negative electromagnetic charges
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physical storage media:
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magnetic disks, dvd rom, cd, hdd, flash, floppy, etc..
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Methods to store memory
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non--volatile, is an old data storage media packaged on reel-to-reel cartridges. Capacity is unlimited. used for large data. It's SLOW
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magnetic tape
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is a network protocol. LikeTCP/IP, but it doesn't guarantee that all packets will be sent. Used for YouTube
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UDP
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is the software that manages and controls the physical hardware of a computer so an application can work.
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firmware or system software
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(OS) cannot be accessed or modified. Non-proprietary platforms can be accessed.
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Proprietary platforms
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Operating System
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OS
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Used to design web services; used in Microsoft Windows; file management system
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graphical user interface (GUI)
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in computing is something with
a practical use and expected outcome. |
application
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a way to store and organize computer files to the
memory of a computer. |
File management
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When a computer can run more than one process at a time it is referred to as
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multitasking
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Operating systems coordinate a computer’s memory, which includes cache, random access memory (RAM), registers, and virtual memory.
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Memory management
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memory the operating system uses to coordinate, track, and
efficiently allocate the use of CPU cache, registers, RAM, and disk storage. |
Virtual memory
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An OS is in charge of reading and writing data and information to a disk, typically a hard drive.
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Disk management
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a collection of computer application programs of associated functionality that share a common graphical user interface (GUI) and the capacity to smoothly exchange data with each other.
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software suite (productivity suite)
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Object linking is similar to object embedding, but differs in one very important way. Object linking is dynamic. When the source file is linked into the destination file, both files stay up to date.
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Object Linking and Embedding (OLE)
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Breaks apart info into small packets and transmits packets over internet (1000-1500 bits a piece)
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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
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Finds computer from hosting computer to transmit packets from comp to comp
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Internet Protocol (IP)
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Analogous to shipping house
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TCP/IP
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Translates text into ip address of server
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DNS Domain Name System
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Non-Volatile; permanent storage; storage of program code and nonvolatile data
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Read-only Memory (ROM)
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a collection of related files called tables that consist of records (rows) of data separated by fields (columns) that can be queried to produce subsets of information; relational
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database management system (DBMS)
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An integrated circuit that contains all the functions of a central processing unit of a computer; serves as the brains for the microcomputer
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Microprocessor
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Which is the cycles per second that a computer can perform its most basic tasks
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clock rate
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