Circulatory System

Front 1

Blood Pressure

Back 1

is the force blood excerts against the inner walls of blood vesssels

Front 2

Heart Action

Back 2

determines how much blood enters the arterial system with each venticular contraction

Front 3

Capillaries

Back 3

small diameter blood vessels, connects the arteriole with the venule, walls are made up of endothelium

Front 4

Venules

Back 4

thin vessels that continue from the cappalaries and merge to form veins

Front 5

Veins

Back 5

carry blood back to the heart, veins have smaller muscle layer & a larger lumen containing valves

Front 6

Stroke Volume

Back 6

volume of blood discharged from the left ventricle, average adult= 70ml

Front 7

Cardiac Output

Back 7

volume discharged from the left ventricle per minute, cardiac output=stroke volume x heart rate

Front 8

Blood Volume

Back 8

the sum of formed elements and plasma volumes in the vascular system -average 51 for adults

Front 9

Arteries

Back 9

carry blood away from the heart under high pressure

Front 10

Arterioles

Back 10

Arterioles vesseles that have branched away from the artries

Front 11

Vasodilation

Back 11

when vasomotor impulses are inhibited the artery relaxes

Front 12

Vasoconstriction

Back 12

vasomotor impulses from the sympathetic nervous system stimulate the smooth muscle to contract

Front 13

Electrocardiogram

Back 13

ECG- recording of the electrial changes that occur in the myocardium

Front 14

Systolic Pressure

Back 14

max pressure during ventricular contraction -Systolic=pulse

Front 15

Diastolic Pressure

Back 15

lowest pressure that remains in the artries before the next contraction

Front 16

Coronary Arteries

Back 16

first two arteries that branch off from the aorta

Front 17

Myocardial Infarction

Back 17

a hesrt attack caused by blocked coronary artries

Front 18

Purkinje Fibers

Back 18

connect to papillary muscles- fibers branches off & is continious with cardiac muscle fibers

Front 19

Sinoatrial node (SA-Node)

Back 19

(paecemaker) nodal cells initate impulses that spread into the surrounding myocardium & stimulate cardiac muscles to contract 70 to 80 times per minute

Front 20

A-V Node

Back 20

A-V bundles divide into right and left branches in the septum

Front 21

Functional Syncytium

Back 21

-Mass of merging cells that function as a unit, located in the atrial and ventrical walls

Front 22

Pericardium

Back 22

the membranous sac enclosing the heart.

Front 23

Pericardial Cavity

Back 23

the fluid-filled space between the two layers of the pericardium

Front 24

Epicardium

Back 24

the inner serous layer of the pericardium, lying directly upon the heart.

Front 25

Myocardium

Back 25

the muscular substance of the heart.

Front 26

Endocardium

Back 26

the serous membrane that lines the cavities of the heart.

Front 27

Atria

Back 27

a chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into a ventricle or ventricles

Front 28

Ventricles

Back 28

either of the two lower chambers on each side of the heart that receive blood from the atria and in turn force it into the arteries.

Front 29

Interventricular Septum

Back 29

The wall between the ventricles of the heart.

Front 30

Tricuspid Valve

Back 30

the valve, consisting of three triangular flaps of tissue between the right auricle and ventricle of the heart, that keeps blood from flowing back into the auricle.

Front 31

Bicuspid Valve

Back 31

bicuspid or mitral valve allows the flow of blood to flow
from left auricle to left ventricle in human heart.

Front 32

Chordae Tendineae

Back 32

preventing the valves from moving into the atria during ventricular contraction.

Front 33

Papillary Muscles

Back 33

contract preventing the cups from closing to far into the atria

Front 34

Pulmonary Valve

Back 34

prevents the blood from flowing back into the right ventricle.

Front 35

Aortic Valve

Back 35

prevents the blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.