Circulatory System

Front 1

Components of Cardiovascular System

Back 1

Blood, spleen, hemopoietic tissues, heart/blood vessels.

Front 2

Function of Cardiovascular System

Back 2

Transport tissues and organs. Defense against disease. Wound repair. Thermoregulation

Front 3

Blood Composition

Back 3

Plasma: water, ions, proteins, nutrients, respiratory gasses, and hormones.

Cellular Elements: Erythrocytes (RBC), Leukocytes (WBC), Thrombocytes (clotting and plasma in mammals)

Front 4

Hemopoietic Tissue does what?

Back 4

Blood cell forming tissue. Blood is constantly produced.

In humans erythrocytes live 120 days ; some leukocytes 1-2 days.

Front 5

Embryonic Hemopoietic Tissue

Back 5

From cell walls in the yolk sac

Front 6

Adult Hemopoietic Tissues

Back 6

Spleen, liver, kidney, bone marrow.

Front 7

Spleen Function

Back 7

Blood cell formation, destruction, and storage.
Phagocytosis by WBCs.

Front 8

Categories of Blood Vessel

Back 8

Capillaries, Arteries and Arterioles, Veins and Venules, Portal Vessels.

Front 9

Capillaries

Back 9

Network of vessels which exchange materials between blood and tissue.

Front 10

Arteries / arterioles

Back 10

Carry blood from heart to the capillary network.

Front 11

Veins / venules

Back 11

Carry blood from capillary network to heard.

Front 12

Portal Vessels

Back 12

Special category of veins. Carry blood from capillaries of one organ to capillaries of another.

Front 13

The Portal Systems

Back 13

1. Hepatic Portal System: Digestive tract - spleen - liver.
2. Renal Portal System: Tail / posterior musculature - kidneys.
3. Hypophyseal Portal System: Brain blood. Hypothal - anterior pituitary.

Front 14

Blood flow in arteries and veins

Back 14

Decreases from arteries to capillaries.
Increases from capillaries into veins.

Front 15

Blood Pressure

Back 15

Greater in arteries.
Lesser in veins.

Front 16

3 Layers of Arteries and Veins.

Back 16

1. Tunica Intima (inner) - Endothelium and connective tissue.
2. Tunica Meda - Smooth muscle and connective tissue.
3. Tunica Adventitia (outer) - Connective tissue.

Front 17

How many layers of tissue are in capillaries?

Back 17

One. Endothelium.

Front 18

Single Circuit System

Back 18

Seen in fish. Blood passes through the heart one time per cycle.

Front 19

Double Circuit System

Back 19

In tetrapods. 2 circuits running to and from heart.
Pulmonary Circuit / Systemic Circuit

Front 20

Complete seperation btw right and left heart is seen in:

Back 20

Birds, mammals, and crocs.

Front 21

Amphibian heart

Back 21

Incomplete separation. Not much mixing. Sphincter muscles on pulmonary arteries to decrease blood to lungs at certain times.

Front 22

Amphibian shunting.

Back 22

Left - Right: Supersaturate blood. Skips systemic circuit.
Right - Left: Apnea. Skips pulmonary circuit.

Front 23

Turtle and Lepidosaurians heart / shunting.

Back 23

Same as amphibian. Left - right and right - left shunting.

Front 24

Ancestral Heart Chambers

Back 24

1. Sinus Venosus
2. Atrium
3. Ventricle
4. Conus Arteriosus

Front 25

Ancestral Aortic Arches

Back 25

6 aortic arches.
Ventral aorta.
Paired dorsal aorta.
significant evolutionary changes in aortic arches

Front 26

Branches of dorsal aorta

Back 26

1. Unpaired Median Visceral Arteries - supplies digestive and derivitaves.
2. Paired Lateral Visceral Arteries - supply kidneys and gonads.
3. Paired Intersegmental Arteries - supply paired appendages, trunk, tail

Front 27

Chondrichthyan Heart

Back 27

4 Chambers: Sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, and conus arteriosus.

Front 28

Teleost Heart

Back 28

3 Chambers: Sinus venosus, atrium, and ventricle.
Conus incorporated into ventricle.

Front 29

Shark Aortic Arches

Back 29

1st lost
2-6 serve gills.

Front 30

Teleost Arches

Back 30

1-2 Lost
3-6 Serve gill capillary beds.

Front 31

Amphibian Heart

Back 31

5 Chambers: Sinus Venosus, R atrium, L atrium, ventricle, conus arteriosus.
Ventral aorta bifurcated. Variation within amphibians.

Front 32

Amphibian Aortic Arches

Back 32

1-2 Lost
3 R & L - Carotids
4 R & L - Systemic arches (leads to dorsal aorta)
5 R&L - Lost in anuran. Retained in salamanders.
6 R&L - Pulmocutaneous artery.

Front 33

Turtle / Lepidosaurian Heart

Back 33

3 chambers: R Atrium, L Atrium, Ventricle (partially divided. Sends low O2 blood to pulmonary and high O2 blood to systemic).

Front 34

Tripartite Ventral Aorta

Back 34

Right serves pulmonary arteries
Middle serves left systemic arch
Left serves right systemic arch and carotids
(r to l based on heart location)

Front 35

Turtle / Lepidosaurian Aortic Arches

Back 35

1-2 lost
3 - Carotids
4 - systemic arches to dorsal aorta.
5 - lost
6 - pulmonary arteries.

Front 36

Croc Heart

Back 36

4 chambers: R/L Atrium, R/L Ventricle.
Arches same as turtles.

Front 37

Foramen of Panizza

Back 37

Connects Left and Middle tripartite ventral aorta.

Front 38

Croc blood shunting

Back 38

Occurs outside heart via foramen of panizza.

Front 39

Bird Heart

Back 39

4 chambers. R/L Atrium, R/L Ventricle.
Ventral aorta is bifurcated. No blood shunting.

Front 40

Bird Aortic Arches

Back 40

1-2 lost
3 - carotids
4 L - lost
4 R - systemic arch
5 - lost
6 - Pulmonary arteries.

Front 41

Mammal heart

Back 41

4 chambers. Ventral aorta is bifurcated. No blood shunting.

Front 42

Mammal Aortic Arches

Back 42

1-2 lost
3 - carotics
4R - subclavian
4L - aortic arch
5 - lost
6 - pulmonary arteries.

Front 43

Lymphatic System Components

Back 43

Lymph, lymph vessels (dead-end vessels), lymph hearts (capsules with smooth muscle), lymph nodes (capsules of connective tissue), lymphoid masses (thymus, tonsils)

Front 44

Lymphatic Function

Back 44

Drainage system for excess tissue fluid to cardiovascular system. Contains WBCs for defense against disease. Fat absorption from digestive tract.