Circulatory And Respiratory System Review

Front 1

Describe the difference between arteries and veins.

Back 1

Arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins carry blood to the heart.

Front 2

What do systolic and diastolic mean? What is the normal range of blood pressure?

Back 2

Systolic = force when the heart contracts

Diastolic = force between beats (rest)

90-120/60-80 is normal

Front 3

What is the MAIN function of RBCs?

Back 3

To carry oxygen to the body through hemoglobin.

Front 4

What is the job of the respiratory system? What organs make up this system?

Back 4

The job of the respiratory system is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment. It is made up of the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and lungs.

Front 5

Describe where each of the pathways of circulation goes: hepatic, renal, coronary.

Back 5

Hepatic = Heart to liver and back (hepatic portal vein brings blood from the intestines to the liver to be processed)

Renal = Heart to kidneys and back

Coronary = Inside the heart to outside the heart

Front 6

What are the vessels that bring blood to and from the lungs?

Back 6

Pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins.

Front 7

What is the larynx? What is the pharynx? What is the function of each?

Back 7

The pharynx is located in the back of the mouth and serves as a passageway for both air and food. It leads from the nasal cavity to the trachea. The larynx is at the top of the trachea and holds the vocal cords, which produce sound.

Front 8

What is the job of plasma?

Back 8

It carries proteins (albumin - H2O balance; fibrinogen - clotting; immunoglobulin - infections)

It carries nutrients and waste.

Front 9

What are capillaries?

Back 9

They are very thin walled vessels that act as the exchange zone. Blood from arteries turn around and flow back to the heart in veins. Only one blood cell can fit through at a time. Oxygen, nutrients, and water diffuse into cells and tissues; carbon dioxide and waste diffuse into capillaries to be excreted.

Front 10

What are coronary veins and arteries? How are they involved in heart attacks?

Back 10

Coronary arteries and veins carry blood out of the heart and then back in to feed the heart. If they get blocked, the heart cannot get the nutrients it needs, part of it dies, which is a heart attack.

Front 11

Describe the function of alveoli. Where are they located?

Back 11

They are located at the end of the bronchioles and are responsible for the exchange of gasses with the blood.

Front 12

Discuss the MAIN function of WBCs

Back 12

Through phagocytosis, WBCs are responsible for fighting infections and ridding the body of viruses and harmful bacteria.

Front 13

What is hypertension? List some factors that may contribute to this disease.

Back 13

Hypertension is high blood pressure, or the narrowing of the blood vessels which cause the heart to work harder to pump blood. Sometimes there is no cause, but smoking, diet (lots of salt), stress, and lack of exercise may be factors.

Front 14

Describe the diaphragm.

Back 14

The diaphragm is a large, flat muscle at the bottom of the ribs that, along with the intercostal muscles, is responsible for the movement of inhalation and exhalation.

Front 15

When breathing, the nose has a very important task. Discuss what this task is.

Back 15

The nose and nasal airways are lined with hair and mucous that filter solid particles from the breath and moisten it with water vapor.

Front 16

What are cilia and how do they help the respiratory system stay healthy?

Back 16

Cilia are hairs lining the nose, nasal passages, and trachea that filter out dust, dirt, smoke, bacteria, and other contaminants found in ordinary air.

Front 17

What is a thrombus?

Back 17

A blood clot

Front 18

What kinds of foods increase your chance of high blood pressure?

Back 18

Salty and processed foods.

Front 19

Where is hemoglobin found and what is its function?

Back 19

Hemoglobin is found on the indent of RBCs and they carry oxygen.

Front 20

What is lymph?

Back 20

The lymph system collects plasma and waste from the spaces around cells and puts them back into the blood. Lymph nodes are bean-shaped enlargements on the lymph vessels that produce WBCs to fight infections.

Front 21

Describe how fibrinogen helps clot blood.

Back 21

It creates a net to catch the blood and stops it from escaping.

Front 22

What is phagocytosis and how does it help fight infections?

Back 22

It is the process of engulfing something. WBCs do phagocytosis to engulf viruses and harmful bacteria and digest them so they cannot harm the body.

Front 23

What is fibrillation?

Back 23

It is a rhythmic disturbance where the muscle fibers in the heart contract irregularly. If it is in the ventricles, it can be fatal. An AED can fix this.

Front 24

Stroke

Back 24

Blood supply to part of the brain is cut off and no oxygen and nutrients can get to the brain. The outcome depends on where the supply is cut off.

Face

Arms

Speech

Time

Front 25

Sickle-cell Anemia

Back 25

Abnormally shaped cells produce clots as the cell gets caught up in the vessels. Lots of African-Americans have this.

Front 26

Anemia

Back 26

Not enough RBCs or hemoglobin to carry oxygen (iron deficiency). Symptoms include fatigue, dizziness, and strained breathing.

Front 27

Arteriosclerosis

Back 27

Also known as coronary heart disease. Arteries become thick and lose elasticity. It is the most common cause of death in the USA. Fatty material (cholesterol) builds up and hinders or blocks blood flow. The build up can cause a thrombus and may lead to a heart attack.

Front 28

Congenital heart disease

Back 28

An irregularity in the way the heart was formed (occurs during birth). There are many causes: virus, drug use, or a vitamin deficiency. It often can be treated or corrected.

Front 29

Heart attack

Back 29

Lack of oxygen and nutrients to part of the heart. Part of the heart dies. It can be sudden and sometimes there are signs: pain in chest, arms, neck, and jaw; sweating; nausea; shortness of breath.

Front 30

Rheumatic disease

Back 30

Strep bacteria go down to the heart, valves, and tissues. It is very rare now

Front 31

How does the circulatory system complete the jobs of other systems such as the digestion and excretory systems?

Back 31

Blood absorbs nutrients from the digestive system to be used by the body. Kidneys clean the blood of toxins and excess materials, then clean blood can go to the rest of the body to give oxygen and nutrients. Blood gets oxygenated in the lungs and carries it to the rest of the body.

Front 32

When you get a cut, describe in detail how your body stops the bleeding.

Back 32

Platelets in the blood help the clotting process by clumping together and forming a plug at the side of the cut. Then, a series of chemical reactions start. In one reaction, thromboplastin converts prothrombin to thrombin. Thrombin is an enzyme that converts the soluble plasma protein fibrinogen into a sticky net that catches the blood and prevents it from escaping.

Front 33

How do exercise and diet effect the functioning of your cardio-vascular system?

Back 33

Exercise and diet help prevent hypertension. When blood pressure is too high, the heart works much harder to pump blood, causing the heart muscle to weaken. It also causes the vessels to stretch. Exercise strengthens the heart so it doesn't have to work as hard to pump blood.

Front 34

Discuss the MANY functions of blood that keep your body alive.

Back 34

Proteins (albumin for H2O balance, fibrinogen helps clot, and immunoglobulin fights infections)

Carries waste

Carries oxygen

Fights infections

Produces antibodies

Fills space

Provides support

Makes clots

Front 35

Be able to trace the path of oxygen-poor blood and oxygen-rich blood through the heart. Be able to identify the structures of the heart.

Back 35

Inferior/superior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary arteries - pulmonary veins - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

Front 36

What are the steps you go through for CPR starting with scene safety?

Back 36

1.)Check if scene is safe

2.)Check if person is awake

3.) Call 911

4.) Send someone to get the AED, if circumstances allow

5.) Check to see if breathing

6.) If not, tell 911 you're starting CPR

7.) 30 chest compressions

8.) If you have a barrier, 2 rescue breaths

9.) Repeat

10.) If you have an AED, put the AED on

11.) Continue CPR

Front 37

What is the Heimlick and describe how and when you do it.

Back 37

The Heimlick is what you do if someone is choking and is unable to breathe or speak or dislodge the object. You get behind the person, put your knee in between their leg, and get your head out of the way of theirs. Make a fist and place it thumb-side in just above their belly button. Place your other hand on the fist and thrust your hands upwards. Continue until you get the obstruction out.

Front 38

Describe or draw the recovery position.

Back 38

Front 39

What is the circulatory system's function and what organs make it up?

Back 39

The circulatory system supplies trillions of cells with oxygen, food, and hormones. It collects wastes, toxins, and poisons from cells. It is made of the blood, heart, and vessels