Circulation And Gas Exchange

Front 1

sinuses

Back 1

spaces surrounding organs

Front 2

Fish hearts

Back 2

two-chambered, one atrium, one ventricle

Front 3

Amphibian hearts

Back 3

three chambered heart with two atria and one ventricle

Front 4

Reptile heart

Back 4

three-chambered heart although the ventricle is partially divided

Front 5

Mammal and bird heart

Back 5

four chambered heart with two atria and two ventricles

Front 6

arteries

Back 6

carry blood away from heart to organs throughout body

Front 7

capillaries

Back 7

microscopic vessel with very thin porous walls

Front 8

veins

Back 8

bring blood back to heart

Front 9

human heart

Back 9

-located beneath sternum
-cone-shaped and size of a fist
-surrounded by a sac with a two layered wall
-comprised mostly of cardiac tissue
-two atria have thin walls and function as collection chambers for blood returning to the heart
-ventricles have powerful walls that pump blood into organs
-has four valves that prevent back flow of blood
-heart chambers contract and relax in a rhythmic cycle

Front 10

systole

Back 10

contraction phase of cycle

Front 11

blood pressure

Back 11

fluids exert a force called hydrostatic pressure against surfaces they contract, and it is that pressure that drives fluids through pipes

Front 12

Blood Clotting

Back 12

treatment for cuts and other breaks in skin

Front 13

diastole

Back 13

relaxation phase

Front 14

double circulation

Back 14

pulmonary and systemic circuit which insures flow of blood to brain, muscles, and other organs because blood is pumped a second time after it loses pressure in the capillary beds of the lungs

Front 15

blood clotting

Back 15

-Fibrinogen
-Fibrin
-Hemophilia
-Thrombus

Front 16

Fibrinogen

Back 16

plasma protein; sealant always present in blood in inactive form

Front 17

fibrin

Back 17

active form of fibrinogen that forms clots

Front 18

hemophilia

Back 18

disease characterized by excessive bleeding from even minor cuts and bruises

Front 19

Thrombus

Back 19

clot that's blood is blocked

Front 20

heart attack

Back 20

death of cardiac muscle tissue resulting from prolonged blockage of one or more coronary arteries (vessels that supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart)

Front 21

stroke

Back 21

death of nervous tissue in brain

Front 22

atherosclerosis

Back 22

growths called plaques develop in inner walls of the arteries narrowing thier bore

Front 23

arteriosclerosis

Back 23

hardening of the arteries (aggravated version of atherosclerosis)

Front 24

Hypertension

Back 24

high blood pressure that promotes atherosclerosis and increase the risk of heart attack and stroke

Front 25

respiratory surface

Back 25

part of an animal where oxygen from the environment diffuses into living cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out

Front 26

positive pressure breathing

Back 26

pushing air down the windpipe (ex. frogs)

Front 27

negative pressure breathing

Back 27

pulling air down into the lungs rather than pushing it in from above

Front 28

diaphragm

Back 28

sheet of muscle that forms the bottom wall of the thoracic cavity, during inhalation, the contraction of the diaphragm causes it to descend like a piston enlarging the thoracic cavity and lowering the pressure in the lungs

Front 29

parabronchi

Back 29

tiny channels in lungs of birds through which air can flow continuously in one direction

Front 30

breathing control centers

Back 30

aid in setting basci breathing rhythm; located in two regions of the brain, the medulla oblongata and the pons

Front 31

myoglobin

Back 31

diving mammals have a higer concentration of this oxygen-storing protein in thier muscles