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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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afterload
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the resistance against which the heart must pump to eject the blood into the circulation
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atherosclerosis
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the buildup of fatty plaque within the arteries
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angiography
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a diagnostic procedure enabling X-ray visual examination of the vascular system after injection of a radiopaque dye
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atria
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two upper hollow chambers of the heart
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Atrioventricular (AV) node
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conduction pathways that slightly delay transmission of the impulse from the atria to the ventricles of the heart
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Atrioventricular valve (AV)
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between the atria and ventricles of the heart, the tricuspid valve on the right and the bicuspid or mitral valve on the left
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Automaticity
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an electrical impulse and contraction independent of the nervous system and generated by the cardiac muscle
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Blood Pressure BP
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the force exerted on arterial walls by the blood flowing within the vessel
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Bundle of His
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the right and left bundle branches of the ventricular conduction pathways
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Cardiac Output (CO)
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the amount of blood ejected by the heart with each ventricular contraction
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code blue
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emergency announcing cardiac/respiratory arrest and initiating interventions
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contractility
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the inherent ability of cardiac muscle fibers to shorten or contract
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coronary arteries
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a network of vessels known as the coronary circulation
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Creatine kinase (CK)
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enzyme that is released into the blood during a myocardial infarction (MI)
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Electrocardiogram (ECG)
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a graph of the electrical activity of the heart
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endocardium
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an layer of the heart wall lining the inside of the heart's chambers and great vessels
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epicardium
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the visceral pericardium adheres to the surface of the heart, forming the heart's outermost layer
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heart failure
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a condition that develops if the heart can not keep up with the body's need for oxygen and nutrients to the tissues; usually occurs because of myocardial infarction, but it may also result from chronic overwork of the heart
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homan's sign
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calf pain produced by dorsi-flexion of the foot
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Myocardial infarction (MI)
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heart attack; cardiac tissue necrosis owing to obstruction of blood flow to the heart
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myocardium
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a layer of the heart wall; cardiac muscle cells that form the bulk of the heart and contract with each beat
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pericardium
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double layer of fibroserous membrane of the heart; the parietal, or outermost, pericardium serves to protect the heart and anchor it to surrounding structures
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Peripheral vascular resistance (PVR)
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impedance or opposition to blood flow to the tissues; determined by viscosity, or thickness, of the blood; blood vessel length; blood vessel diameter
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preload
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the degree to which muscle fibers in the ventricle are stretched at the end of diastole
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purkinje fibers
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fibers of the ventricular conduction pathways that terminate in ventricular muscle, stimulating contraction
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semilunar valves
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crescent moon shaped valves between the cardiac ventricles and the pulmonary artery (pulmonic valve) and the aorta (aortic valve)
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septum
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a dividing structure such as that between the cardiac chambers or between the two sides of the nose
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Sinoatrial (SA or sinus) node
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the primary pacemaker of the heart located where the superior vena cava enters the right atrium
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Stroke Volume (SV)
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the amount of blood ejected with each cardiac contraction
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Troponin
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enzyme that is released into the blood during a myocardial infarction (MI)
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ventricles
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two lower chambers of the heart
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