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123 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Transported by the circulatory system,
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Blood.
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Delivered to the cells.
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Oxygen and nutrients.
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Taken away from the cells.
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Wastes like CO(2)
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An organ with four chambers.
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The Heart.
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A system made up of blood vessels, blood and the heart.
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Circulatory system.
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Circulatory system is a closed system. (Why?)
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Blood is always enclosed in vessels.
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7 functions of the circulatory system.
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1) Bring oxygen to cells for C.R. 2) Carry messages via hormones. 3) Bring nutrients (glucose, amino acids, glycerol) to cells. 4) Carry away wastes. 5) Help maintain body temp and pH. 6) Clots and seals wounds. 7) Kills microbes and pathogens in the body.
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Order of blood flow.
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Heart-> Arteries -> Arterioles -> Capillaries -> Venuoles -> Veins -> Heart.
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Carry blood away from heart.
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Arteries.
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Carry blood to heart.
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Veins.
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Artery that carries blood to heart.
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Pulmonary artery.
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Vein that carries blood away from heart.
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Pulmonary vein.
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Carry oxygenated blood.
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Arteries and pulmonary vein.
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Carry deoxygenated blood.
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Veins and pulmonary artery.
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Pulmonary arteries and veins.
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Connected to lungs. Blood flow only occurs between heart and lungs.
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Able to withstand great pressure.
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Artery walls.
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Have both elastic connective and muscle tissue.
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Arteries in order to withstand the wave of pressure from heart.
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Arteries stretch T or F.
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T to accommodate the rush of blood.
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Smaller branch or arteries that lead to capillaries.
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Arterioles.
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Controls arterioles' diameter.
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Autonomic nervous system.
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Vasoconstriction and Vasodialation
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2 results of the autonomic nervous system.
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Occurs when a nerve impulse causes smooth muscle to contract in arteriole, reducing the diameter of blood vessel.
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Vasoconstriction.
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Occurs when smooth muscle relaxes and dilates the blood vessels, increasing delivery of blood to tissue.
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Vasodialation.
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controlled by autonomic nervous system.
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All smooth muscle in system.
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Atherosclerosis
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the degeneration of blood vessels b/c accumulates fat(lipids) deposit on inner walls.
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Narrows arteries, increases blood pressure, forms blood clots, and further block blood flow.
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Atherosclerosis.
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Plaque
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Calcium and other minerals combining with lipid stuck on cell wall.
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heart attack, aneurysm.
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Atherosclerosis often leads to this.
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Aneurysm
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A bulge that forms in the wall of a weakened blood vessel, usually an artery.
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Aneurysm bulge bursts.
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Leads to stroke.
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Single celled, 0.005mm diameter
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Capillaries
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Diffuses into tissues from blood through capillaries,
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Oxygen and water
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Diffuses into blood from tissues through capillaries
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Co2 and water
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Process in which water transfers into the tissue and then back into the cells
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Filtration then absorption
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Capillaries merge into larger vessels
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Venules
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Venues contain unlike capillaries
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Smooth muscle
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Vessels with thin muscled walls
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Veins
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Decrease blood pressure and gravity in veins
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Valves
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Main purpose of venous valves
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Prevent back flow
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Result in Blood pooling in veins
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Varicose veins
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Four chambers of the heart
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Right/ left atrium, right/left ventricles
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Upper right hand chamber, collects deoxygenated blood from superior and inferior vena cava
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Rights atrium
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Upper left hand chamber, collects oxygenated blood from pulmonary vein
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Left atrium
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Large muscular chamber that contracts to force blood into pulmonary artery
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Right ventricle
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Largest and most heavily muscled chamber of the heart that contracts to pump blood into aorta and the rest of the body
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Left ventricle
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Large veins that bring blood to the right atrium
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Superior and inferior vena cava
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Path from heart to lungs and back
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Pulmonary circulation
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Path from heart to rest of body
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Systemic circulation
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Coronary circulation
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Blood from heart leaves aorta goes straight back into heart
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Happens when coronary arteries are blocked
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Heart attacks
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Portal circulation
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Blood from heart into s.i. Stomach and liver
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Blood leaving liver empties here
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Inferior vena cava
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Renal circulation
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Blood from heart into kidneys
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Blood leaving kidneys empties here
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Inferior vena cava
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Venal circulation
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Blood leaves heart into head and lower body
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Fluid filled membrane that surrounds the heart and protects it from infections
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Pericardium
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Lowest part of the heart
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Apex
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Muscular wall that separates the two sides of the heart
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Septum
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Right side of the heart
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Receives Deoxygenated blood pumps to heart
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Also known as right atrioventricular valve
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Tricuspid valve
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Allows blood from right atria into ventricle
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Tricuspid valve
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Allows blood from right ventricle into aorta
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Pulmonic semilunar valve
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Allows blood from left atria into ventricle
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Mitral valve
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Also known as mitral/ left atrioventricular valve
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Bicuspid valve
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Left side of heart
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Receives oxygenated blood from lungs pumps to cells
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Two types of valve found in heart
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Atrioventricular and semilunar
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Valve that separates atria from ventricles
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Atrioventricular valves
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Valve that separates ventricles from arteries
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Semilunar valves
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Systole
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Heart contraction
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Cycle of systoles
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Atria pumps to ventricle, ventricle pumps to aorta and pulmonary artery
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Diastole
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Heart relaxation
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Chordate tendinae
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Heart strings that connect valves to heart to prevent untimely opening of valves
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Myocardium
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Cardiac muscle responsible for heart contractions
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Three layers of the heart
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Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
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Epicardium
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Reduces friction on surface
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Myocardium
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Contracts the heart in the middle
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Endocardium.
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Melds with blood vessels under the surface
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Keeps heart rate continuous
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Sinoatrial node
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2 factors affect cardiac output
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Volume of stroke or heart size, heart rate
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Stroke volume
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Amount of blood pumped with each beat of the heart
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Amount of blood that leaves each ventricle in each beat
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Approximately 70 mL
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Formula for cardiac output
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Stroke volume x heart rate (per minute)
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Heart muscle is myogenic
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Contracts without nervous stimulation
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Sinoatrial node
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Cluster of nerve cells in top of r atrium
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Atrioventricular node
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Cluster of nerve cells by the tricuspid valve
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Two autonomic nerves that influences heart rate
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Sympathetic nerve and parasympathetic nerve
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Sympathetic nerve
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Stimulated by stress, increases heart rat
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Parasympathetic nerve
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Stimulated to decrease heart rate after stress
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Purkingi fibres
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Nodes at bottom of heart that help contract so blood flows upward
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Bundle of his
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Node pushing contractions toward apex/purkingi fibres
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Part of the peripheral nervous system that controls instinctual functions
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Autonomic nervous system
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Autonomic nervous system controls
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Internal organs (peristalsis), digestion respiration rate, salivation, sexual arousal
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Parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves can coexist T or F
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T, high blood pressure = parasympathetic decreases blood flow' sympathetic dilates blood vessels
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Epinephrine is also known as
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Adrenaline
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Hormone released in fight or flight reflex
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Epinephrine
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Increases blood flow to brain, heart and muscles
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Vasodilation
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decreases blood flow to digestive organs and kidneys
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Vasoconstriction
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P wave
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Contraction of atria because of the sinoatrial node firing
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Qrs wave
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Ventricular contraction because of atrioventricular node firing
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T wave
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Recovery of ventricle
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Measures blood pressure
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Sphygmomanometer (arm thingy at London drugs)
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Blood pressure measured as
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Systolic pressure over diastolic pressure
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Average blood pressure
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120 mmHg/ 80mmHg
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Four factors of blood pressure
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Amount of blood, heart rate, size of aeries, elasticity of arteries
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Capillary fluid exchange
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Lose nutrients water oxygen and hormones to cells surrounding capillaries the pick up co2, h2o, and wastes
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Extracellular fluids
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EFC is the fluid that bathes our cells, contains nutrients, waste, hormones, water, vitamins and minerals
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Fluid pressure
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Exerted by blood, high at arteriolar end of capillaries
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Filtration
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High pressure in arterioles forcing water out of cap to EFC
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Diffusion pressure
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Movement of substances down concentration gradients, all components of blood EXCEPT water that are small enough will move from high concentration to low concentration
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Osmotic pressure
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Blood pressure low at venous end of capillaries
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Absorption
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Water moves back into blood from EFC
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Big Part of immune system,
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Lymphatic system
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Two main functions of lymphatic system
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Return EFC to circulatory system, fighting infection
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osmotic pressure of capillaries would decrease
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Proteins leak from cap into tissue space in ECF and water flows to places of higher protein, if water flows into tissue they would swell
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Lymph
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A fluid found outside capillaries where proteins accumulate, under low pressure, moves through vessels due to valves and contractions
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Subclavian vein
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Returns lymph fluid and protein to venous system
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Lymph nodes
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Enlargements in lymph vessels
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Contain white blood cells that use phagocytosis to filter bacteria, debris, damaged cells in lymph
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Lymph nodes
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One of largest lymph organs
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Spleen (acts as large blood sacks) , releases red blood cells when low blood pressure or if oxygen levels are low, filters large volumes of lymph
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Thymus gland produces this
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T3 and T4 (controls energy)
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Red bone marrow is a big part of which system
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Lymph system
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Found in red bone marrow, differentiates into different types of white blood cells
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Stems cells
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Elephantiasis
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Caused by three kinds of round worms that block the body's lymphatic system which causes fluids to collect in tissues and leads to great swelling
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