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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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convective transport
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movement of molecules in fluid
-costs energy |
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roles of convective systems
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-carry gases co2 o2 and others from tissues
-carry nutrients, water and hormones between organs -provide structural support and locomotion -to provide filtration (lymphatic system) |
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fundamental components of convective transport
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fluid:water, hemolymph, lymph, blood, cytoplasm
energy: ATP, kinetic energy via potential energy conduits: cellular spaces, sinuses, vessels, circuits |
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circ system moves fluid by increasing pressure of the fluid in one area
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-fluid flows through the body down the resulting pressure gradient
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three main components of circ system
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-pump or propulsive structures
-system of tubes, channels, spaces -fluid that circulates through that system |
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types of pumps
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-skeletal muscle
-pulsating blood vessels=peristalsis -chambered hearts -one way valves to insure unidirectional flow |
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open circ system
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circ fluid comes in direct contact with tissues in spaces called sinuses
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closed circ system
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circ fluid remains in blood vessels and does not come in direct contact with tissues
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interstitial fluid
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extracellular fluid that directly bathes the tissues
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blood
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fluid that circulates in closed circ system
consists of: plasma, red/pink blood cells and white blood cells |
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lymph
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fluid that circulates in secondary system of verts called lymphatic system
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hemolymph
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fluid that circulates in open circ system
consists of: plasma, respiratory pigment and white blood cells |
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evolution of circ systems
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-first evolved to transport nutrients
-early on began to serve respiratory functions -closed systems evolved with a combination of o2 carrying molecules -inc in metabolic rate means need to get o2 to tissues more effectively |
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animals that lack the circ system
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-sponges, cnidarians and flat worms
-lack true systems but have methods to propel fluids around body |
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sponges
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use unidirectional bulk flow using cilia
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systole
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contraction
-blood flows forced into the circulation |
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diastole
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-relaxation
blood enters heart |
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closed vertebrate circ system
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-has multichamber heart
-capillaries connect arterial and venous systems -respiratory pigments present in red blood cells |
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lower blood pressure means
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thinner walls
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fish simplest and earliest design
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-four chamber heart
-all contain muscle -surrounded by pericardial sac -atrium & ventricle propel blood |
