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131 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Welders flash is a result of exposure to what? |
UV-B & UV-C
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What is the most hazardous form of non-ionizing radiation?
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UV-B
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Active transport systems are very important for ____ of foreign compounds from the body.
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elimination
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If a compound is equitoxic by all routes, it is probably not ___.
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Biotransformed in the liver
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The ___ involves the average of isotopes found in nature.
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Atomic Weight
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What is an allotrope?
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Different form of the same element, i.e. carbon & diamond
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If we are 95% confident the average lies within this limit, what equation will be used?
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X +/- 1.96 (SD/(n)1/2)
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If we are 95% confident the average is this number or lower, what equation are you going to use?
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X + 1.645 (SD/(n)1/2)
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Write the equation for determining the "mass collected" when given time & concentration.
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Sampling rate x Conc. x Time = Mass Collected
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What is the breathing rate for a person at rest?
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12 liters/min
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What is a definition for Precision?
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Getting the same results during a measurement. Key is reproducing the "same" measurement each time.
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What is the minimum number of air changes for an abrasive blast cabinet?
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20 air changes/min.
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What are the cut points for the following: Respirable; Thoracic; & Inhalable?
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4 um - Respirable
10 um - Thoracic 100 um - Inhalable |
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What chemical becomes CO in the body?
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Methylene Chloride
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What is the unit for brightness?
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Foot Lambert
1 Lumen/sq.ft. = 1 Foot Lambert |
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Farmers lung is an allergic reaction to what?
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Fungal spores
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In taking the CIH exam, what is at least one thing that should be double-checked?
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The Units. Recalculated if necessary. Also need to read the question carefully; Read all possible answers. (more answers possible)
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What are the atomic weights of the following? N, S, O2
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N=14
S=32 O2=16 |
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What happens to the melting point when impurities are added?
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Impurities will lower & broaden the melting point of the material.
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When designing the height of a non-adjustible desktop, what range should be used?
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Design for the average (50th percentile)
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Ionization chambers have gas amplification factors that are?
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Equal to 1. This instrument can detect the difference b/w alpha, beta & gamma.
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What is the best first step in setting up a new IH program?
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To establish strategic goals & objectives for the IH program & tactical goals & milestones for the program implementation.
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Particles of this size range deposit predominantly in the upper airways. What is this range?
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4-20 um
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Gram positive stained bacteria are ___ in color.
Gram negative are ___? |
Positive - Blue
Negative - Red |
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Itai-Itai disease is associated with what metal?
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Cadmium
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This is a term that refers to the amount of energy given to the medium per path length.
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Linear Energy Transfer (LET). High LET particles - Neutrons & Alphas; Low LET - Gamma
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What is the definition of specific gravity?
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Ratio of the density of a substance to that of the reference material, typically water.
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A velocity of ___ is below the effective range of a pitot tube with inclined manometer.
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500 fpm
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What is the SAR in J/Kg of tissue?
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144 J/Kg
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What is the ELF TLV in Tesla?
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TLV = 1 mT (1000 uT) at 60 Hz
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If an upward plenum slot hood design is to be used to exhaust an open surface tank, what is the max. tank width?
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36"
Tanks wider than this require a slot along both edges or double-slot hood down the middle. |
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What is the typical voltage range for a single-stage electrostatic precipitator?
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40K-70K Volts
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Some of the most well know promoters for cancers?
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Phorbol esters.
Promoters increase the carcinogenic response. Can also act as a co-carcinogen. |
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This instrument measures alpha, beta & gamma radiation.
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Ionization Chamber
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Sound intensity is inversly proportional to the...?
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square of the distance.
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What are the units for specific gravity?
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gr/ml
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Cr 6+ has been linked to ___ cancers & what else?
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Lung cancer.
Also linked to kidney & liver damage, eye injuries & skin ulcerations. |
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What is the definition of a mist?
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Finely divided liquid droplets suspended in a gas.
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Write out the formula for Molality?
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Molality = # of moles of solute/1000 gr of solvent
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Hopcalite is primarily?
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Manganese Dioxide
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The DOT classifies radioactive materials as hazardous when their specific activity exceeds?
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0.002 uCi/gr
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What are the 3 shape classes for aerosols?
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Isometric
Platelet Fiber |
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What is the particle size for mists?
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40-400 um
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What is the rule of thumb of beta penetration into the skin?
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The penetration of beta into the skin (in cm's) is 1/2 the value of the energy, when the energy is stated in MeV.
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Beers law, what does it state?
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Absorption is dependent on the concentration & the molar absorptivity.
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TDI is a ?
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Pulmonary sensitizing agent
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Cadmium is a ?
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Pulmonary irritant & Nephrotoxin
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Protozoa & fungi have a membrane-bound nucleus, so they are called___?
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Eukaryotic Cells
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Bacteria are ___ cells that do not have a nucleus or membrane bound structures.
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Prokaryotic.
Bacteria do have a cell wall that provides shape & prevents rupture. |
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Pollen in this size range causes allergic reactions in humans.
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15-30 um
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What is the difference between statistic & parameter?
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Statistic - describes a characteristic of a SAMPLE.
Parameter - describes a characteristic of a POPULATION. |
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A T-test is used for what type of distribution?
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Normal Distribution.
Air sampling data is log-normally distributed. |
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These types of studies select subjects based on disease status.
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Case-control or Case Referent
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What is the Central Limit Theorem?
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The distribution of all sample means from samples of size n taken from a population approaches normality as sample size increases. "The sum of a large # of random variables distributed normally."
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The diffusion coefficient is ___ ___ to the particle diameter.
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Inversely Proportional
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Discuss a theory "Y" Leader.
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A theory Y Leader assumes their employees are intelligent, hard working & willing to learn. They would encourage subordinates to self-manage, take responsibility and share in decision making. This is democratic leadership.
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One of Demings key principles is that everyone has a ____.
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Customer.
You need to understand you customer to really know what your job is. Deming = Statisical QC |
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Risk control techniques include ___ & ___ of risk.
Risk Financing involves a choice between ___ & ___. |
Risk control
Avoidance & Reduction of Risk Risk Financing Retention & Transfer |
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Maslows heirarchy of needs, what are the?
1. 2. 3. |
1. Existence
2. Relatedness 3. Growth This was further developed into a more modern version of needs theory called ERG theory. |
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Shock mounts & other vibration isolation techniques are useful in the low frequency range of ____ Hz.
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500 Hz
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What are the gaseous products of fission?
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90-Kr
133-Xe 131-I |
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90-Strontium is a ___ emitter.
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Beta
Has a 30 year 1/2 life with a +2 charge. Absorbs into the bone. |
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The type of equilbrium where the parent radionuclide has a much longer 1/2 life than the daughter.
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Secular Equilibrium
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What is Transient Equilibrium?
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The equilibrium the half-life of the daughter is of the same order of magnitude but shorter than that of the parent.
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Rule of thumb for beta in air: The absorber half-thickness is approx. ___ of the range of the beta in air.
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1/8
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What is the angle for the line of sight?
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Between 20-60 degrees below ear-eye line plane or 40 degrees below the horizon.
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What is the movement away from the central axis of the body - AWAY from the median plane.
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ABduction
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What is the movement TOWARD the central axis or midline.
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ADduction
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MVC or ___ ___ ___ is sometimes called maximum torque.
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Maximum Voluntary Contraction.
Its a term to describe the max. force output of a muscle or group of muscles. |
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The min. static coefficient of friction (COF) of ____ or higher is considered the min. for Pedistrian Safety.
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0.50
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Desks should be at what height range?
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600-700 mm
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HPLC can be used for what types of compounds?
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Non-volatile.
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Name that Pesticide:
1. Carbaryl is a(n) ___? 2. Malthion is a(n) ___? 3. DDT is a(n) ___? 4. Endrin is a(n) ___? |
Carbaryl - Cholinesterase inhibitor
Malathion - Organophosphate DDT & Endrin are Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticides |
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HPLC is used for analysis of what compounds?
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PCB's; herbicides; insecticides; phthalates; isocyanates
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What is the minimum transport velocity required to keep most dusts from settling out in the duct.
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3500-4500 fpm
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The argon laser has wavelengths in the ___ region.
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Visible.
Argon lasers are GREEN. 458-515 nm and is used in surgery for photocoagulation |
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What is the retinal hazard region for lasers?
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400-1400 nm
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The most serious laser injuries happen at what wavelenght or region?
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Wavelength - 700-1400 nm
Region: IR-A |
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Discuss Cohort Study what is it, and what types of studies are these suited for?
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1. Subjects are classified based on exposure status & free of disease.
2. These studies are well suited for: a) assessing effects of rare exposures; b) examining multiple outcomes of a single exposure; c) establishing a temporal relationship between exposure & disease outcome; d) minimizes the potential of selection bias. |
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A radiation area is an area where the dose may exceed ___ mrem in any hour or ___ mrem in any consecutive ___ days.
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5 mRem
100 mRem 5 days |
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What is the normal range of transport velocities for gases & vapors?
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1500-2500 fpm
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What is the equation for molarity?
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Molarity = # moles of solute/# liters of solution
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What is the equation for Normality?
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# of gram equiv. solute/# liters of solvent
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What is the equation for Molality?
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Molality = # moles of solute/1000 grams of solvent
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Arsenic exposures have been linked to what type of cancers?
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Liver, bladder, kidney, lung, lymphatic & skin cancers
Also... Perepheral Neuropathy Dermatitis Nasal Septum Ulcers Skin Hyperpigmentation |
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Name some Hepatotoxic agents:
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Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform Nitrosamines Tetrachloroethane Aflatoxins |
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What is the upper limit of laminar flow?
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Re = 2100
Reynolds Number |
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Flame ionization detectors are best for ____ chemicals.
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Organic
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Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed ___ times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of ___ minutes during a workday, and under no circumstances should they exceed ___ times the TLV-TWA.
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3 times
30 minutes may not exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA. |
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What is the metabolite of toluene & xylene?
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Toluene - Hippuric Acid
Xylene - Methyl Hippicuric Acid |
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What is the NIOSH Rule of Thumb for sampling?
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>/= 6 samples for a valid estimate; >11 samples required to estimate variance
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What is the density of air at STP?
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0.075 lbs/ft3
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HPLC is used for analysis of what?
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PCB's
Herbicides Insecticides Phthalates Isocyanates Contaminant must be soluble in the mobile phase. |
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To be designated as a HEPA filter, the filter must be at least ____% efficient.
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99.97%
Only 3 particles of 0.3 um size can pass for every 10K particles feed in the filter. |
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An odds ratio <1 generally indicates that the exposure is?
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Protective
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An odds ratio >1 generally indicates that exposure is?
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Harmful
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Considered the most hazardous wavelength for exposure to the eyes.
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270-280 nm
UV-C Welders Flash is in this region, also called photokeratoconjuntivitis |
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Plasma welding generates what type of radiation?
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UV
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Mass spec is used for analysis/detection of what?
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Complex mixtures:
VOC'x PAH's Herbicides & Insecticides |
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What is the definition of Relative Risk?
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The Ratio of Disease Incidence in an Exposed Group compared to the disease incidence in a UN-exposed Group.
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Write out the Rule of Thumb for Noise & combining dB's.
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0-1 +3
2-4 +2 5-9 +1 10 or higher + zero |
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Name some Nephrotoxic agents.
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Halogenated Hydrocarbons
Uranium Lead Mercury Turpentine |
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What instrument may be used to measure Oxygen concentrations?
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Thermal Conductivity Detector
Used for Low MW gases such as CO, CO2, N2 & O2 |
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CO2 lasers have a wavelength in the ___ region.
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IR
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The Nd:YAG laser has a wavelength in the ___ region.
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Ocular focus, but visible
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How many field blanks should be taken?
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1 for every 5 samples
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What are the atomic masses of the following:
He C N O F S Cl Br |
He=4
C=12 N=14 O=16 F=19 S=32 Cl=35.5 Br=80 |
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What is the formula for Raoult's Law?
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Pa = Xa Pa^o
Pa = Pressure of Component A Xa = Mole Fraction of A Pa^o = Vapor pressure of the Pure Component A |
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____ metal gives a Garlic Taste in the mouth.
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Tellurium
But unlike Selenium causes the body sweating mechanism to partially shut down |
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What is the target organ for Arsine gas?
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Heme (red blood cells)
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Name 3 metals that cause damage to the peripheral nervous system.
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Arsenic
Mercury Thallium |
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These 3 chemicals are Nephrotoxic (kidney).
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Mercury
Chromium (Both cause damage to the proximal tubules) Uranium (Causes massive necrosis of the proximal tubules.) |
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The chemical is associated wtih urinary bladder cancer.
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Benzidine
Can cause cancer with an exposure in less than a year. |
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What are the effects of Pentaborane?
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Can cause CNS effects at very low concentrations.
Can also cause liver kidney damage. |
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Acute exposure to this chemical causes acute chemical pneumonitis due to its irritant effect on the lung tissue.
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Beryllium
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The most common agent regarding metal fume fever is?
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Zinc Oxide
Welding on galvanized steel |
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How are mercury exposures monitored?
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Since mercury exposure effects kidney function, monitor Urinary Hg levels.
Alkyl mercury may be found in the blood. |
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What is the total volume of air in the lung following max. inspiration called?
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Total Lung Capasity
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___ occurs subsequent to a carcinogen exposure & by definition these act during the neoplastic development phase of carcinogenesis.
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Promotion
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___ is a type of hepatic lesion charcterized by a decrease or stoppage of bile flow with resulting retention of bile salts & bilirubin.
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Cholestasis
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____ modify the effectiveness of carcinogens given at the same time & thus by definition would exert their effect during the state of neoplastic conversion.
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Cocarcinogens
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Name some inorganic carcinogens.
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Nickle
Chromium Beryllium Uranium Polonium Radium Radon Gas |
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___ compounds are most readily excreted because they are more water soluble & excretory fluids (urine & bile are mainly aqueous).
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Hydrophilic
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___ is a potent lung & respiratory tract irritant.
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Vanadium
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A compound that enters the GI tract first enters the ___ circulation.
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Portal
to liver to systemic circulation |
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Compounds absorbed in the lungs first enter the ___ circulation.
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Systemic
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Subchronic exposures are how long in duration?
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Subchronic 1-3 months
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The presence of chemical DNA adducts is indicative of a ___ ___ not a tumor.
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Genetic lesion
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What is the best detector for halogenated compounds & pesticides?
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Electron Capture
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What detector is best for Phosphorus & Sulfer containing compounds?
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Flame Photometric
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Name some neurotoxins
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Mercury
Thallium Organometallic Compounds Organophosphorus Insecticides CS2 |
