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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Council of Nicea
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325. The council of Nicea was concerned primarily with the nature of the second person of the trinity—Jesus Christ. Arius asserted that Christ was not eternally generated from the Father, but created from the non-existent. Athanasius and his followers asserted that Christ was eternally begotten of the father. The semi-Arians argued that Christ was homoiousios ("of similar substance") with the father. The Council adopted the Athanasian position of homoousios ("the same essence").
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Council of Chalcedon
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451. The Christological council. Christ is one person, with two natures.
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Modernism
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A theological movement of the late 19th and early 20tb centuries among Protestants and Roman Catholics who sought to interpret Christianity in light of modern knowledge.
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Neo-orthodoxy
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Return to Christianity without having to be historically grounded. Somewhat a theological rediscovery of biblical doctrines, but with the modem naturalistic presuppositions. A theological movement including Karl Earth, Emil Brunner, and others. It opposed liberal theology and stressed the reinterpretation of Reformation themes such as God's transcendence, human sinfulness, and the centrality of Christ. It was dominant in Europe and America after World War n until the 1960's. Also called Neo-Calvinism, Neo-Protestantism, and Neo-Reformation theology.
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Why is Christian History important for the modern church?
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a)Christianity is a religion of history
b)Learn about humanity – people stay the same and history repeats itself c)Church is in history – the times of Paul through today. We get a better understanding of the body of Christ through the churches history and we better cope with the church today to understand our past d)End of history is goal decreed by God – The present is shaped by the future – God has ordained the end of time. e)Church’s task to preserve and present the faith – The next generation will not get Christian historical perspective it is up to us. |
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Results of neglecting Christian history
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- Fuzzy ecclesiology (doctrine of the church) – Many modern day Christians think they don’t need to be a member of a church
- Disunity over minutia – Church splits - Confusion over mission – Christ and culture, Neighbor How do we live in this post modern culture is the same question that was asked during the times of the romans - Adoption of cultural values – low giving, divorce rate etc. it looks like we are not that different than our culture. Church discipline. We are called to be different - Sloppy theology – Interpret the Bible different or strange ways ie the bakers, health and wealth - Weak foundations – the Davinci code and Christians lack of knowledge of the trinity and the Nicean - Heresy - “Due to ignorance of the patristic period, the modern church has tended to duplicate in its theology the errors and problems of the first five centuries of Christian thought.” — Bradley and Muller Gnosticism reappearing today |
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Middle Ages
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Church and state were united in Europe and this would have been a glorious time for the church. Good and evil will exist through the end of time. Many were dependent on Augustine but many went beyond where he was
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Renaissance
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Critical assessment of the texts and found some to be forgeries including the papacy of the Pope. Most history began to come from secular historians. They began to question the original documents for more critical research.
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Reformation
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looking back from the 1500s to the 1300s to downfalls where people left the way of the patristic fathers had laid out. Luther felt the book of revelation told the story of early Christianity. – The Anabaptist writers felt the fall of the church came in the mid second century. The Roman Catholics would have felt there was no error and it had remained true. Differing denominational persuasions.
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Postmodern
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use the evidence to support any theory. God is removed. Renewed interest in Gnostic studies as an alternative to Christianity. Revisionist theories abound. The davinci code. New books about Jesus’ mother. You can make history whatever you want it to be. Anit Christian presuppositions. The Gospel of Thomas by Elien ? began a new Gnostic nuance very selective in what they select to shape their ideology.
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Didache
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• “The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles”
• discovered in 1873 • reflects customs of 1st century Christianity • quotes from Matthew, Luke, Hermas, Barnabas |
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Monarchianism
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•Question of relation of Father and Son
•Term refers to monarchy of God (Unity) •Versus the many aeons of the Gnostics •Versus the dual gods of Marcion •Called the alogoi •Two forms of Monarchianism |
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Dynamic Monarchianism
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(duvnamis - dunamis)
•Divinity of Christ is an impersonal power •Theodotus of Byzantium, “Theodotians” •Paul of Samosata, “Paulianists” •Only one God •Father alone is God •Jesus a man upon whom the Word came (Adoptionism) •No singing of hymns to Jesus •Existence begins in womb of Mary •Use of homoousios condemned •Council of pastors condemn him (Epistle to Bishop Dionysius of Rome and Bishop Maximus of Alexandria) – Eusebius |
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Modalistic Monarchianism
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•Unity of God and deity of Christ
•Deity of Christ identified with the Father •Father suffered in Christ (Patripassianism) •Hippolytus, Contra Noetum •Tertullian, Adversus Praxeam •Sabellius, early 3rd C. (Sabellianism) •Denied distinctions in Godhead •Son and Spirit, modes in which God appeared •One (provswpon – prosopon) United Pentecostal Church of Christ – Jesus only movement. God operates in different modes. |
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Montanists “New Prophesy”
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•Montanus begins prophesying in 157
•Maximilla and Priscilla join him •Prophetesses claim to be “mouthpieces of the Paraclete” •Call for holy living, prepare for New Jerusalem •Followers treasure these direct revelations •Trancelike ecstatic utterances •Orthodox theology Tertullian seemed to favor the montanists |
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Gnostics
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•gnwvsij (gnosis) is mystical knowledge reserved for enlightened
•Secret knowledge is the key to salvation •Salvation is escape from evil material world •Eternal Spirit is trapped in the body (prison of the soul) •Dualism – spirit is good / body is evil |
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Ebionites
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Irenaeus, Adversus Haereses
Jewish Christians from late 1st C. Emphasis on circumcision, Jerusalem, Mosaic law Gospel of Matthew in Hebrew Paul an apostate Jesus is Messiah, a prophet Gospel of Ebionites Gospel of the Hebrews |
