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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why is History Important?
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1. Should be proud of heritage
2. Ancient church but still fruitful 3. Precious faith to protect and deliver 4. Contributions to Christianity 5. History Repeats itself 6. Gates of Hades didn't prevail |
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What happened at Tel-Basta
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Spring of water from where Holy Family used to drink
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Benefits of Holy Family Visit to Egypt
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1. Fulfillment of prophecies
2. Sanctification of Egypt 3. Blessedness of Copts 4. Destruction of Idols 5. Egypt represented Gentiles 6. Churches built 7. Valuable monuments |
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Where was the first papal residence?
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Anianus' house
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The pope of Alexandria was known as
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The judge of the universe
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Who was the first pope to ordain bishops with him?
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Demetrius (12th) or Eumanius (7th)
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Syrian Popes
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Simon I, Abraam, Mark III, Youannes X
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Shortest Papacy
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Pope Archilaos
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1st monk ordained from St. Macarius
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Cyril I
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What was St. Macarius Monastery called
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"Father of the patriarchs and bishops
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Popes who were laymen
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Abraam, Gabriel, Mark, Youannes VI
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Popes who were priests
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Zacharias, Youannes XI
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Who devised Epact: the way for calculating easter to follow passover?
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Pope Demetrius
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Where was Pope Demetrius exiled
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Wissim
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Pope Heraclas
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Student of Origen
Became Dean after Origen |
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Pope Dionysius
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1. Student of Origen
2. Became Dean after Heraclas 3. Tortured by Decius, Gaius' father 4. Exiled in Libya by Valerianus 5. Known as Teacher of the Universal Church |
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Ptolemy Soter
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founder of School of Alex
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1st dean of Alex
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Justus (6th pope)
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Influence of the school
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1. Satisfying needs of Christians to learn
2. Graduating famous church leaders 3. Attracting converts 4. Attracting leaders from other countries 5. Emphasizing education as main method for religious teaching 6. Using philosophy as a tool 7. Purifying Greek philosophy |
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Deans who became patriarchs
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1. Justus
2. Eumenius 3. Marcianus 4. Heraclas 5. Dionysius |
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Deans ordained priests
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Clement
Pierius Theognostus |
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Students who became patriarch
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Julian
Peter 'seal of the martyrs" Archilaos Athanasius "the apostolic" Cyril I "pillar of faith" Dioscorus |
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Pantaenus
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introduced philosophy and sciences to school
added Greek letters to Coptic |
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Who was called "Origen Jr."
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Fr. Peros the Martyr
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Clement of Alex
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First to use fish as symbol for Christianity
Persecuted by Septimus Severus |
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Origen
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Appointed dean by Pope Demetrius
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Students of Origen
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Pope Heraclas
Bishop Alexandros Cappadocian Fathers Eusabius St. Didymus |
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Heresies of Origen
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1. Souls created before bodies
2. Soul of Christ existed before incarnation 3. universal salvation |
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Anti-Origenists
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Pope Demetrius
St. Methodius St. Eustathius St. Epiphanius St. Jerome Pope Theophilus |
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Pro-Origenists
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Pope Dionysius
Didymus Pamphilus Cappadocian Fathers St. John Chrysostom |
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Nickname of Didymus
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"Blind Seer of Alexandria"
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Diocletian's Edict
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everyone had to sacrifice to idols or be dismissed
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Maximinus Daza
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reign was most prolific in bloodshed than any other period
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Evaluation of Martyrdom
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1. Sacred Desire
2. Proof of Courage 3. Way of Preaching 4. Evidence of truth of Christianity 5. Declares Chrsitan Virtures 6. Motive to protect Orthodox Fatih 7. Initiator of Monasticism |
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Lactantius
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Wrote about the death of Diocletian and others who persecuted the faith
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Arianus
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Persecutor that became a martyr while killing Philemon and Apollonius
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St. Peter Seal of the Martyrs
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"Excellent Doctor of Christianity"
Defeated Sabellius who denied Trinity |
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Christian Monasticism
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solitude, poverty, worship, contemplation, and purity of heart
-asceticism isnt goal but response to divine love to gain self-control -does not mean enmity with body |
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Forms of monastic life
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Anchoritic
Coenobitic Semi-anchoritic |
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Who founded first monastic women community
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St. Syncletica
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Influence of Monasticism
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1. Spiritual Influence
2. Doctrinal Influence 3. Religious Studies 4. Educational Influence 5. Social Influence |
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3 Types of Church councils
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Diocesan
Provincial Ecumenical |
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Nicea
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Arian heresy-divinity of Christ
Easter date Re-baptizing heretics? Priest Marriage Melatius (authority of Pope over his bishops) 20 Canons Creed |
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Who went to Nicea from COC
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Pope Alexandros and St. Athanasius
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Constantinople
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Apolinarius: inequality of 3 hypostases
Eusabius: Holy Trinity is 1 hypostases Macedonius: Holy Spirit is creature |
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Who went to Constantinople from COC
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Pope Timothy
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Ephesus
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Nestor: Jesus was 2 persons, Christotokos
Pelagius: Original sin didnt taint human nature |
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Who went to Ephesus from COC
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St. Cyril the Great, St. Shenouda, St. Peter of Faw
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Continuation of Nestorianism
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Eutyches: Monophysitism
Eusebius: Dyophesis |
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2nd Council of Ephesus
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Eutyches claimed repentance so Pope Dioscorus brought him back and excommunicated Flavianos
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Chalcedon
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Pope Dioscorus
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Dioscorus was exiled to
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Gangra
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St. Athanasius was known as
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"The defender of the Upright Faith"
"Champion of Orthodoxy" "The Apostolic" |
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St. Cyril
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Nephew of Pope Theophilus
"The Daring Lion" "The Burnished Lamp" |
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1st Martyr after Chalcedon
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St. Macarius of Edko
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Pope Timothy was exiled to
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Taposiris and then Gangra
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Who is Proterius
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Melkite Pope
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Zeno
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rejected Copt's request for 1 pope
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Henoticon
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Good step towards union
confirmed 3 councils and St. Cyril |
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Amr Ibn El-As
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First person to invade Egypt in Arab conquest with only 4,000 people defeated Roman legion
-First to institute Jeziah -Was relatively kind to Copts |
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Reasons for Arab Victory
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1. Byzantine suppression and persecution of Copts
2. Islamic zeal to spread religion 3. Arab desire to take other's wealth 4. Low self esteem of Roman army 5. Emperor's treasury empty 6. No unified Roman army in Egypt 7. Roman leaders fighting over Egypt 8. Cyrus' treachery |
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Omar Ibn Khatab (Caliph in Medina)
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told Ibn el-Aas to humiliate the Christians and Jews
-Copts had to offer soldiers hospitality -had to provide troops with crops and clothes -Made Amr increase Jeziah to develop Medina |
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Caliph Omar Ibn Abdel Aziz
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-Ordered Waly Haian Ibn Sheriek to collect Jeziah from dead people
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Abdel Aziz Ibn Marwan (Waly)
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Arrested Pope John of Samanoud
Made Pope's election in Babylon Put signs on churches imposed one denarius Jeziah on monks and prevented any more monks from joining the monastery |
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Osman Ibn Affan (Caliph)
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-removed Amr and appointed Abdallah Ibn Saad who collected huge sums of money
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Mosallama Ibn Mokhallad
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ordered burning of those who didnt pay
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Pope Benjamin I
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Papacy in 3 periods:
Ordination to disappearance During diappearance During Arab Occupation Sent Tekla Hymanot to Ethiopia |
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Umayyad was centered in
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Damascus
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Abdallah Ibn Abdelmalik (U)
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Tortured Pope Alexandrous
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Quorra Ibn Shereik (U)
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Stole Sacred vessels from churches
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Usama Ibn Zaid (U)
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branded monks and ordered them to shave
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Obaid Allah Ibn Higab (U)
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ordered lion tattoo and Pope Alexandros asked God to take his life so he wouldnt have to get it
-Tortured Bishop Samuel |
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John of Nikou
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Historian bishop
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Center of Abbasid Dynasty was in
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Baghdad
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Harun El-Rashid (A)
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Caliph for 23 years
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Arab Immigration
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First immigrants didnt mingle with natives until Obaid Allah Ibn Alhabhab brought Arabs who mingled with Copts
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During who's rule did Arabic become the official language
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Caliph Alwaild Ibn Abdelmalek
Waly Abdallah Ibn Abdelmalik |
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Who made Copts cut tongues
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Caliph Hakim Bi-Amr Illah
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Which pope began reading scripture in Arabic
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Pope Gabriel
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Bishop Moisis
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prophesied about death of Waly abd elmalik and so new waly liked him
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Tulunid Dynasty
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founded by Ahmad Ibn Tulun
Egypt became autonomous |
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Ahmad Ibn Tulun (T)
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-virtuous but quick with sword
-liberated egypt from caliphs |
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Khumarawayh (T)
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-Ahmad's son
-tried to see St. Macarius' body -treated Copts nicely -Anarchy after his murder |
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Ikshidid Dynasty
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-period of poverty
-good relation between religions |
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Saeed Ibn Katib Elfraghani
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-Architect during Tulunid
-Invented Gothic architecture -Martyred |
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Pope Cosmas III
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Fractured relationship with Ethiopian Church
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St. Severus of Ashmunein
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wrote History of the patriarchs
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Positives of Tulunid and Ishkhidid
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-Removing Byzantium rule
-Restoring right to choose church leaders -Restoring church buildings -Good relations between some rulers and popes -Many martyrs and confessors |
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Negatives of Tulunid and Ishkhidid
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-Changing social structure
-rulers not concerned about public welfare or developing resources -High Jeziah -Death of Coptic -Loss of Library |
