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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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- 1775-1781 - Representative body of delegates from all 13 colonies. - Made Declaration of Independence, managed colonial war effort - Met in Philadelphia |
Second Continental Congress |
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- June 1775 - Battle fought on the outskirts of Boston (Breed’s Hill) - Colonial militia forced to retreat, although big loss for British |
Battle of Bunker Hill |
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- June 1775 - Conciliatory measure made by Continental Congress, professing American loyalty and seeking an end to the hostilities. - Rejected by King George, proclaimed colonies in rebellion. |
Olive Branch Petition |
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- 1775 - German troops hired from their princes by George III to aid in putting down the colonial rebellion. - Hardened the resolve of American colonists, who didn’t like the use of paid foreign fighters. |
Hessians |
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- 1776 - Thomas Paine’s pamphlet urging the colonies to declare independence and establish a republican government. - Helped colonists to support the Revolution. |
Common Sense |
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- July 4th, 1776 - Formal pronouncement of independence drafted by Thomas Jefferson and approved by Congress. - Allowed Americans to appeal for foreign aid - Served as inspiration for other revolutionary movements worldwide. |
Declaration of Independence |
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- 1789 - Declaration of rights adopted during the French Revolution - Modeled after American Declaration of Independence. |
Declaration of the Rights of Man |
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- American colonists who opposed the Revolution and maintained their loyalty to the King - Also called “Tories.” |
Loyalists
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- Colonists who supported the American Revolution - Also called “Whigs.” |
Patriots
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- August 1776 - Battle for the control of New York. - British troops overwhelmed colonial militias and retained control of the city for most of the war. |
Battle of Long Island |
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- December 1776 - General Washington surprised and captured a garrison (fortress) of sleeping German Hessians - Raised the moral of Washington’s crestfallen army and set the stage for his victory at Princeton a week later
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Battle of Trenton |
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- October 1777 - Decisive colonial victory in upstate New York. - Helped secure French support for the Revolutionary cause |
Battle of Saratoga |
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- 1776 - Sample treaty drafted by the Continental Congress as guide for American diplomats. - Reflected Americans’ desire to foster commercial partnerships rather than political or military entanglements |
Model Treaty |
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- 1780 - Loose alliance of nonbelligerent naval powers - Organized by Russia’s Catherine the Great - Protected neutral trading rights during the war for American independence |
Armed Neutrality |
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- 1784 - Treaty signed by the United States and the pro-British Iroquois granting Ohio country to the Americans |
Treaty of Fort Stanwix
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- Privately owned warships authorized by Congress to prey on enemy shipping during the Revolutionary War. - Inflicted heavy damage on British shippers
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Privateers |
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- October 1781 - George Washington, with the help of the French army, besieged the Cornwallis at Yorktown, while the French naval fleet prevented British reinforcements from coming ashore - Cornwallis surrendered, dealing a heavy blow to the British war effort and paving the way for eventual peace. |
Battle of Yorktown |
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- 1783 - Peace treaty signed by the British and the United States ending the Revolutionary War. - British formally recognized American independence and ceded territory east of the Mississippi while the Americans promised to restore Loyalist property and repay debts to British creditors. |
Treaty of Paris
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- Author of Declaration of Independence |
Thomas Jefferson |
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- Smart, American general, invaded Canada, stopped Burgoyne’s attack, but betrayed America in 1780 |
Benedict Arnold |
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- American naval commander who distressed shipping from Britain |
John Paul Jones |
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- Profound immigrant from Britain who stopped American toasts to King George |
Thomas Paine |
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- Mohawk Chief - Persuaded many Iroquois to join forces with the British |
Joseph Brant |
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- Spirited Virginian and author of the official resolution of July 2nd, 1776, formally authorizing the colonies’ independence - “these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states.” |
Richard Henry Lee |
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- General for Britain in the Revolutionary War - Lost to the Americans at the Battle of Yorktown |
Lord Charles Cornwallis |
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- British general who chose to stay in New York and Philadelphia instead of fight the Americans - He was supposed to be helping General Burgoyne |
William Howe |
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- Careless British general whose slow progress south from Canada ended in disaster at Saratoga |
John Burgoyne |
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- Sharp and calculatingly “homespun” American diplomat who made peace with France and later got the peace treaty signed. |
Benjamin Franklin |
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- Commander of a powerful French army - Sailed into Newport, Rhode Island 1780 |
Comte de Rochambeau |
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- Quaker born tactician - His strategy was to delay, standing then retreating - Tired out his enemy - Cleared out most of British troops in Georgia and South Carolina |
Nathanael Greene |
