Chs 11, And 12

Front 1

What is imperialism

Back 1

Imperialism is the conquering of a weaker country and adding it to your own empire.

Front 2

what drove nations to pursue imperialism

Back 2

It was caused by industrialization. Increase demand of raw materials, colonies creating markets to sell factory made goods, a desire to spread Christianity, and nationalism causes competition between European countries.

Front 3

What is the White Man’s Burden?

Back 3

The White Man’s Burden was europeans believed that they were superior and that their duty and right to “Westernize” uncivilized places.

Front 4

What advantages did the Europeans have over African tribes?

Back 4

The European advantages were military technology. They had a maxim gun which was the first automatic machine gun. They also had railroads and steamboats for transportation. Another advantage was better communication systems. This helped control of large regions. Quinine helped Europeans fight Malaria and Africa’s diversity kept tribes divided.

Front 5

What is a colony?

Back 5

Most Control

A country of territory w/ its own internally by a foreign power

Ex. 13 American colonies

Front 6

What is a protectorate?

Back 6

Second Most Control

A country or territory w/ its own internal gov’t but under control of an outside power

Ex. US, Panama

Front 7

What is a Sphere of Influence?

Back 7

Third Most Control

An area in which an outside power claims exclusive trading privileges

Ex. British and India

Front 8

What is Economic Imperialism?

Back 8

Least Control

An independent but less developed country is controlled by foreign, private business, not gov’t

Ex. Dole Fruit and Hawaii

Front 9

Describe Africa before European domination.

Back 9

Africa Before Europeans:

Divided into hundreds of different ethnic and linguistic groups

Over 1000 different languages

Mixture of Islam, Christianity, and traditional African beliefs

Dangerous rivers and disease discouraged European exploration.

Only coastline owned by Europeans

Front 10

David Livingstone

Back 10

Scottish missionary, explored Congo and spread Christianity.Went missing and many expeditions were set to find him, 1860s

Front 11

King Leopard ll

Back 11

Belgium King, special interest in colonizing AfricaBelgium was first Europeans colonize interior.Belgian companies treated Africans like slavery

Front 12

Westernize

Back 12

to convert the native population to European lifestyle; religion, technology

Front 13

Social Darwinism

Back 13

survival of the fittest theory applied to human societySuccessful are wealthy and powerful, unsuccessful are poor

Front 14

Explain the factors that allowed Europeans to control Africa.

Back 14

European Advantages:

Military technology

Railroads, steamboats for transportation

Better communication systems

Helped control of large regions

Quinine helped Europeans fight malaria

Africa’s diversity kept tribes divided

Front 15

Maxim Gun

Back 15

first automatic machine gun

Front 16

Berlin Conference

Back 16

European countries meet to divide up Africa peacefully, 1885. No Africans were invited

Front 17

Few Africans brought European goods..so

Back 17

Europeans began to focus on resource extraction instead of colonization

Front 18

Shaka Zulu

Back 18

African tribal leader (Zulu), used highly disciplined warriors and effective military tactics against British

Primitive weapons were beaten by European weapons 1870’s

Front 19

Boers

Back 19

Dutch settlers who have been in Africa

Boer Wars: 1899-19

Front 20

Explain the different forms of colonial control.

Back 20

Direct and Indirect

Front 21

Indirect Control

Back 21

Native, local gov’t officials are used

Limited self rule, makes own decisions

Goal: develop future leaders

Gov’t institutions are based on European models but have local rulers

Ex. Britain, United States

Front 22

Direct Control

Back 22

Foreign officials are brought in to rule

Paternalism- foreign officials provide for the natives needs but don’t give them rights

Goal: Assimilation- native populations adopt foreign culture and way of life

Govt institutes are based only off European styles

Ex. French, Germans, Portuguese

Front 23

Paternalism

Back 23

foreign officials provide for the natives needs but don’t give them rights

Front 24

Assimilation

Back 24

native populations adopt foreign culture and way of life

Front 25

Explain British rule in Nigeria.

Back 25

Nigeria- Lower Nigeria conquered through diplomatic and military means (signing protectorates)

Upper Nigeria controlled by Royal British Nigeria Company (signed exclusive trade rights to Palm Oil)

British claim all of Nigeria as a colony

Land is to Diverse (language, religion, cultures)

Front 26

Nigeria

Back 26

Lower Nigeria conquered through diplomatic and military means (signing protectorates)

Front 27

Maji-Maji Movement

Back 27

native African rebellion against germans

Front 28

African resistance movements

Back 28

All native resistance is unsuccessful due to European weaponry

Front 29

Summarize the Maji-Maji Movement

Back 29

Natives pour magic water over themselves for protection

Germans use machine guns to kill over 75,000

Germans switch from Direct to indirect rule

Front 30

Menelik ll

Back 30

ethiopian leader, led successful resistance against europeans

Front 31

the impact of colonial rule in Africa

Back 31

Menelik II

Put rule against each other

Purchase European weapons

Fought off Italian forces at Battle of Adowa

Ethiopia remains free from imperial power

Front 32

Summarize the decline of the Ottoman Empire.

Back 32

Weak sultans

Divided, corrupt gov’t

Corruption caused by financial losses

Janissaries resist modernization

Rise of nationalism

Loss of Greece, Serbia

Front 33

Describe the Crimean War

Back 33

Crimean War: 1853

Russia vs Ottomans, British, French won

Russia wanted the Crimea, access to warm water port

First war to be covered in newspapers

Florence Nightingale- founded British nurse’s Red Cross Brigade

Front 34

Florence Nightingale

Back 34

founded British nurse’s Red Cross Brigade

Front 35

Muhammad Ali

Back 35

Ottoman governor of Egypt, 1831

He secedes from the Ottoman Empire, opens trade with Europe

Focuses on cash crops (cotton)

Front 36

Suez Canal

Back 36

human made waterway connecting Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean , 1869

Funded by the French

Front 37

Explain Egypt’s reforms

Back 37

Massive modernization projects bankrupt Egypt

British declare Egypt as their protectorate

Front 38

Evaluate Persia’s response to foreign pressure

Back 38

Persia

Russia claims land in North through military conquest

Persia opens oilfields to British investors (Persian Oil Company)

To raise money to modernize their country

British and Russians complete

Persian people look to religious leaders for guidance

Fear of change and resistance to Western culture lead to riots

Persian gov’t loses control, 1906

Russia and Britain militaries move in, divide Persia into spheres of influence

Front 39

“Jewel of the Crown”

Back 39

India was the most valuable of all British colonies

Major supplier of raw materials

Population of 300 million customer of British made goods

British set up restrictions on Indian economy

Indian competition with British goods is illegal

British goods drive out traditional, local businesses

Front 40

British in India

Back 40

British East India Company defeats Mughal Empire, 1757

East India Company ruled India without British gov’ts

Company had British officials oversee production, colonial gov’ts

Sepoys- Indian soldiers commanded by British officers

Front 41

Sepoys

Back 41

Indian soldiers commanded by British officers

Front 42

Indian Trade

Back 42

British railroads transport goods from interior of India to coast

Indian farmers grow:Tea, coffee, cotton, opium

Europe relies heavily on Indian raw materials

Front 43

Identify the positive aspects of British colonialism in India.

Back 43

Positives:'

-Railroads connect regions, support national unity

-Roads, telegraph wires, dams, bridges, modernize country

-Schools and hospitals improve literacy and sanitation

Front 44

Identify the negative aspects of British colonialism in India

Back 44

Negatives:

India loses independence, British control gov’t

Indian entrepreneurs driven out of business

Cash crops increased famine

Christian missionaries and racist officials increase tensions

Front 45

Rise of Indian nationalism:

Back 45

-Indians wanted:

An end to child marriages & the caste system

Representation in British government or independence

Equal pay, opportunities

-Indians were treated:

As second class citizens

Barred from government

Paid much less

Given hard labor work

Front 46

Imperialism in Southeast Asia

Back 46

Pacific Rim:(countries that border the Pacific Ocean)

Western nations wanted Pacific Rim islands and land for:

Strategic location on route to china

Tropical agriculture (bananas, sugar, cocoa)

Minerals and oil

Front 47

Explain how Siam remained independent

Back 47

Siam: (Thailand)

-Declared itself neutral zone between Britain & France

Avoided colonization & economic exploitation

Front 48

Describe US acquisition of Hawaii and the Philippines.

Back 48

Hawaii

Dole Fruit Company economically controls sugar plantations

US business men push for Hawaiian statehood

Annexation- addition of territory to a country

US Marines invade after Hawaiians pass laws limiting US business power

Annexed 1898 (US is savage- take that hawaiians)