Chronicity Sensory

Front 1

No light perception whatsoever.
Different from legal blindness. A person
is considered legally blind if he or she has
a BCVA that does not exceed 20/200 in his
or her better eye or if he or she has a visual
field diameter of 20 degrees or less. There are
more than 900,000 legally blind people
among Americans forty yrs. Of age and older.

Back 1

ABSOLUTE BLINDNESS

Front 2

Exposure to an extremely intense
noise, such as an explosion.

Back 2

ACOUSTIC TRAUMA

Front 3

Has a rapid and short onset and
s/s lasting approx. 3-6 wks.

Back 3

ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA (AOM)

Front 4

Type of blindness that occurs if
Strbismus isn’t corrected before
age 4 – 6 years of age.

Back 4

AMBLYOPIA

Front 5

A fluid secreted by the diliary body and
reabsorbed into the sclera. The secretion
process pressurizes the eyeball, but if the
secretion is more rapid than reabsorption,
and excess of pressure is called gluaucoma
results. The posterior segment is filled with
gelatinous vitreous humor.

Back 5

AQUEOUS HUMOR

Front 6

Is an irregularity in the curve of the cornea that
distorts the visual image. Here, the light rays are
spread over a diffuse area rather than sharply
focused on the retina.

Back 6

ASTIGMATISM

Front 7

Failure of muscle coordination and may be present in the people with vestibular disease.

Back 7

ATAXIA

Front 8

Part of the middle ear, the malleus,
stapes, and the incus

Back 8

AUDIORTY OSSICLES

Front 9

External Stimuli ---hearing

Back 9

AUDIOTRY STIMULI

Front 10

Visible shell-like projection that surrounds
the opening of the auditory canal

Back 10

AURICLE

Front 11

BEST CORRECTED VISUAL ACUITY (BCVA)

Back 11

Low vision is defined as 20/70 to 20/200

Front 12

BLEPHARITIS

Back 12

Inflammation of the lid margins and
lash follicles. Appears reddened, irritated
margins that cause burning and itching.
There is often mucus crusting and scaling
of the lid margins. Blepharitis caused by
bacterial infection is often treated with ABX
ointment. Pt. needs to avoid cosmetics until
recovery. Seborrheic blepharitis may be tx
with antiseborrheic shampoo. A
combination-type may require scrubbing of
the eyelid margins with baby shampoo.

Front 13

BLINDNESS

Back 13

Impaired vision ranging from a BCVA of
20/400 to no light persception whatsoever.

Front 14

CATARACTS

Back 14

Lens opacity thickened lens structure.

Front 15

CHALAZION

Back 15

Inflammation of a sebaceous gland
in the eyelid. Appears swollen, nontender,
raised area that may be reddened. Usually
effects the upper eyelid. Warm, moist
compresses and massage can help drain the lesion

Front 16

CHOLESTEOTOMA

Back 16

Thin white mass behind the tympanic membrane
or coming through to the external canal. This is
an ingrowth of the skin of the external layer of the
eardrum into the middle ear. The skin forms a sac
is filled with degenerated skin and sebaceous materials.
Audiometric tests often show a conductive or mixed hearing loss

Front 17

CHOROID

Back 17

A pigmented layer containing blood vessels.

Front 18

CHRONIC OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION

Back 18

Is middle-ear effusion that persists beyond 3 mo.

Front 19

CILIARY BODY COCHLEA

Back 19

A ring of tissue that supports the lens.

Front 20

COCHLEA

Back 20

Organ of sound transduction. A coiled tube.
Looks like a snail filled with fluid

Front 21

COCHLEAR NERVE

Back 21

Carries the impulses related to sound

Front 22

COLOR VISION DEFICIT

Back 22

Gender related sensory alteration. 8-10%
of white males and less than 1/2 % of black
males have this inherited disorder.
**Otoscelerosis is often seen among pregnant women.

Front 23

CONDUCTIVE (MIDDLE-EAR) HEARING LOSS

Back 23

Interference in the transmission of sound
through the middle ear. Causes middle hearing loss.
May be r/t otitis media or impacted cerumen.

Front 24

CONJUNCTIVITIS

Back 24

Inflammation or infection caused by bacteria,
viruses, fungi allergens, or other agents.
Typically, age related and is the most common
ocular disease in the world. SX a foreign
body sensation, scratching or burning,
itching and photophobia.

Front 25

CORNEA

Back 25

Near the front of the eyeball, the sclera takes
the form of the transparent cornea,
which allows light to enter the eye.

Front 26

CORNEAL ABRASIONS

Back 26

Contact lens wear is a common cause.
Scratches to the cornea. Tx is with ABX
and maybe a pressure patch to prevent movement

Front 27

CULTURE SHOCK

Back 27

A sudden change in cultural surroundings (emigrating from another country, esp. to a country with different language and cultural bx) can result in sensory overload.

Front 28

CYCLOPELGICS

Back 28

Paralyzes the iris sphincter to achieve dialation.

Front 29

DEAF

Back 29

Hearing disability precludes the ability to
successfully process linguistic info
through hearing, with or without a H/A.

Front 30

DRUSEN

Back 30

Tiny yellow spots

Front 31

DRUSEN DRY AMD

Back 31

The outer areas of the retina slowly break down.

Front 32

EMMETROPIA

Back 32

Normal Eye vision. Is the absence of any
refractive error. Visual images focus
exactly on the retina and no eyeglasses or
contact lenses are need.

Front 33

ENDOLYMPHATIC HYDROPS

Back 33

Dilation in the endolymphatic space develops.
Increases pressure in they system or rupture of
the inner ear membranes.

Front 34

EUSTACHIAN TUBE

Back 34

Connects the middle ear cavity with the pharynx.
Equalizes air pressure

Front 35

EXOSTOSES

Back 35

Masses of the external ear, are small, bony
Protrusions found in the lower posterior
portion of the ear canal. They usually appear in both ears.

Front 36

EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL

Back 36

An air-filled passage that extends from the external
environment to the tympanic membrane or eardrum.

Front 37

EXTERNAL OTITIS

Back 37

Inflammation in the external auditory canal.
Bacterial or fungal infections are most common,
with staph aureus as the most frequently seen.

Front 38

EXUDATIVE DETACHMENT

Back 38

Results from the production of serous fluid
under the retina. Macular degeration often
causes production of this fluid.

Front 39

FIBROUS TUNIC

Back 39

Near the back of the eyeball take the form or the sclera

Front 40

FOCAL POINT

Back 40

To form an image that can be analyzed by the visual system,
light rays coming from each point in the visual world must
be bent so that they are gathered at a single point in the plane
of the retina called the focal point or the fovea centralis.

Front 41

FOVEA CENTRALIS

Back 41

To form an image that can be analyzed by the visual system,
light rays coming from each point in the visual world must
be bent so that they are gathered at a single point in the plane
of the retina called the focal point or the fovea centralis.

Front 42

FUNCTIONAL (PSYCHOGENIC) HEARING LOSS

Back 42

This is nonorganic and unrelated to detectable
Structural changes in a person’s hearing mechanisms.
** It is usually accompanied by emotional problems.

Front 43

GAPING ERRING PUNCTURES

Back 43

Result from wearing earrings for a long time,
wearing earrings after an infection or a
reaction to impurities in the erring.
This deformity can only be surgically corrected.

Front 44

GLAUCOMA

Back 44

A fluid secreted by the diliary body and
reabsorbed into the sclera. The secretion
process pressurizes the eyeball, but if the
secretion is more rapid than reabsorption,
and excess of pressure is called gluaucoma
results. The posterior segment is filled with
gelatinous vitreous humor.

Front 45

GOLDMAN THREE-MIRROR EVALUATION

Back 45

A dilated fundus exam is performed using
both a direct and indirect ophthalmoscope.
All the retinal breaks, fibrous bands that
maybe causing the traction on retina are recorded

Front 46

GUSTATORY STIMULI

Back 46

External Stimuli ----Taste

Front 47

HAIR CELLS

Back 47

Epithelial cells that is sensitive to
movement and vibration.

Front 48

HARD-OF-HEARING

Back 48

Uses an asst. device, has enough residual hearing
to be able to successfully process linguistic info
through audition.

Front 49

HYPEROPIA

Back 49

Hyperopia or presbyopia is Farsightedness.
Light rays from a distant object
are focused behind the retina

Front 50

IMPULSE CONDUCTION

Back 50

Step two in the conduction when the nerve
impulse travels to the spinal cord and/brain
by way of process of impulse conduction.
e.g in the auditory system, auditory impulses
travel to the cochlea and then along the
8th cranial nerve to the temporal lobe.

Front 51

INCUS

Back 51

Connects the malleus and the stapes

Front 52

INNER EAR

Back 52

Includes the cochlea, which is the
organ of sound transduction.

Front 53

INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE (IOP)

Back 53

Result of Glaucoma – congestion of the
aqueous humor in the eye. Leads to
optic nerve damage. Worlds leading cause
of blindness.

Front 54

IRIS

Back 54

Attaches to the ciliary body to the lens, creating an
opening call the pupil, which allows light that has
penetrated the cornea to pass through the lens.

Front 55

KERARTITIS

Back 55

Inflammation or infection of the cornea.
Can lead to corneal ulcers and permanent
vision loss. It may result from bacterial,
viral, or fungal infections as well as prolonged
exposure to air caused by an inability to close the eyelids.

Front 56

KINESTHETIC STIMULI

Back 56

Awareness of the position and movements
of a person’s body parts.

Front 57

LABYRINTHITIS

Back 57

Inflammation of the inner ear that can be either bacterial or viral.

Front 58

LASIK SURGERY

Back 58

A laser microscopically adjusts the
thickness of the patient’s cornea to
compensate for vision problems
including nearsightedness,
farsightedness, and astigmatism.

Front 59

LENS

Back 59

Anteriorly, it forms the ciliary body, a ring of tissue that
supports the lens. The circular iris attaches the ciliary body
to the lens, creating an opening called the pupil,(for adaptation
to light intensity) which allows the light that has penetrated the
cornea to pass through the lens (for accommodation) and the
shape of the lens (for accommodation, or focusing an image on
the retina) are controlled by smooth muscle fibers in the iris and
ciliary body.

Front 60

LOW VISION

Back 60

In addition to corrective lenses, other devices and
Strategies are needed.

Front 61

MACULAR DEGENRATION

Back 61

Chronic, degenerative disorder resulting
from pathological changes in the pigmentation
of the retina. There is a painless decrease in
central vision that occurs over days, weeks,
or months. Sx visual blurring and distortion,
some degree of central vision loss, and decreased
ability to distinguish colors.

Front 62

MALIGNANT EXTERNAL OTITIS

Back 62

Also called temporal bone osteomyelitis- its
rare but serious condition. Fatal infection of the
external auditory canal, the surrounding tissue,
and the base of the skull.

Front 63

MALLEUS

Back 63

Is attached to the tympanic membrane

Front 64

MASTOIDECTOMY

Back 64

Goal is to remove the cholesteatoma, gain access
to the diseased structures, and crate a healthy, dry ear.
Reconstructing the ossicles during the initial surgical procedure.

Front 65

MENIERE’S DISEASE

Back 65

Vertigo, tinnitus, and fluctuating
sensorineural hearing loss. SX occur
between ages of 20 or 60. Average age is 40.

Front 66

MIDDLE EAR

Back 66

An air-filled cavity between the tympanic
membrane and the round and oval windows,
which are membrane-covered openings that
lead to the inner ear.

Front 67

MIOTICS

Back 67

Cause the papillary constriction and are
used to treat glaucoma. These drugs
increase the outflow of the aqueous
humor by affection the ciliary muscle
contraction and pupil constriction.

Front 68

MIXED HEARING LOSS

Back 68

Results from interference with the transmission
of sound in the middle ear as well as along the
neural pathways. Frequently, mixed hearing loss
occurs due to recurrent otitis media and its consequences.

Front 69

MYDRIATICS

Back 69

Potentiate alpha-adrenergic sympathetic
effect that result in relazation of the
ciliary muscle. Causes the pupil to dialate.

Front 70

MYOPIA

Back 70

Nearsightedness Hyperopia or presbyopia is Farsightedness.
Light rays from a anterior to the retina.

Front 71

Myringotomy

Back 71

The tympanic membrane is numbed
with local anestethitic, then, through microscopic
guidance, and incision is made in the tympanic
membrane to drain purulent or serous fluid
tend relieve pressure. The procedure is painless
and takes less than 15 min

Front 72

NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS

Back 72

Damage caused by lengthy
exposure to loud noise.

Front 73

NYSTAGMUS

Back 73

Involuntary rhythmic movement of the eyes.
Pathologically, this is an ocular disorder associated
with vestibular dysfunction. Nystagmus can be
horizontal, vertical, or rotary.

Front 74

OLFACTORY STIMULI

Back 74

External Stimuli ----Smell

Front 75

OPITCAL NERVE

Back 75

From the retina, impulses travel to the
brain via the optical nerve.

Front 76

OPTIMAL AROUSAL

Back 76

All people have their own zone or level of
arousal at witch they feel comfortable.

Front 77

ORGAN OF CORTI

Back 77

Converts movement of hair cells into an
electrical impulse that is sent to the brain.

Front 78

OSSICULOPLASTY

Back 78

A surgical reconstruction of the middle ear.
Teflon and hydroxyapatie are used to reconnect
the ossicles, thereby reestablishing the sound
conduction mechanism.

Front 79

OTALGIA

Back 79

Is a sensation of fullness or pain in the ear,
with or without hearing loss.
Caused by cerumen impaction.

Front 80

OTITIS MEDIA

Back 80

Inflammation of the middle ear

Front 81

OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION (OME)

Back 81

Inflammation of the middle ear in which a
collection of fluid is present in the middle-ear
effusion that persists beyond 3 months.

Front 82

OTOSCLEROSIS

Back 82

Formation of new abnormal spongy bone esp.
around the oval window. With resulting fixation
of the stapes.

Front 83

OUTER EAR

Back 83

Consists of the external auditory canal and the
auricle or pinna.

Front 84

PARETHESIAS

Back 84

Abnormal sensations such as burning, prickling

Front 85

PERILYMPH

Back 85

Fluid that fills the cochlea

Front 86

PHOTORECEPTORS

Back 86

Rods and cones

Front 87

PINNA

Back 87

Visible shell-like projection that surrounds
the opening of the auditory canal

Front 88

PRESBYCUSIS

Back 88

A form of sensorineural hearing loss. Generalized
Degenerative changes in the inner ear.
The inner ear, the hair cells within a person’s
cochlea usually begin to degenerate after
the age of 50.

Front 89

PRESBYVERTIgO

Back 89

Balance disorder of aging

Front 90

PUPIL

Back 90

Allows light that has penetrated the cornea
to pass through the lens.

Front 91

RECEPTOR

Back 91

Frist, an act or an agent referred to as
a stimulus stimulates a specialized nerve
cell which is the receptor. The receptor
then converts the stimulus into a nerve impulse.
Most receptors only respond to certain types
of stimuli (e.g. auditory, visual, tactile)

Front 92

REFRACTIVE ERRORS

Back 92

Caused by a shortened or elongated
eyeball that prevents light rays from
focusing sharply on the retina.
Usually corrected by glasses.

Front 93

RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSYEM (RAS)

Back 93

Arousal mechanism in the brain stem

Front 94

RETINA

Back 94

Consists of 2 layers, an outer pigmented layer of
epithelial cells and inner layer that contains
photoreceptors and several levels of interneuron’s
that carry out the first stages of neural integrations
of visual information.

Front 95

RETINAL DETACHMENT

Back 95

Separation of the retinal pigment epithelium
from the sensory layer.

Front 96

RHEGMATOGENOUS DETACHMENT

Back 96

The most common form of detachment. A
hole or tear develops in the sensory retina,
allowing some of the vitreous humor to seep
through the sensory retina and detach it from
the RPE. People with high myopia or aphakia
(absence of the natural lens) after cataract
surgery are at risk for this condition, as are
some people following trauma.

Front 97

SCLERA

Back 97

A tough covering seen as white of the eye and
continuous with the dura mater of the brain

Front 98

SEMICURCLULAR CANALS

Back 98

Critical in the maintenance of balance and equilibrium.

Front 99

SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS

Back 99

Also known as perceptive or nerve deafness.
Damage to the structures of the middle ear caused by
actions or acquired cond. Such as bilirubin encephalopathy,
infection or ototoxic drugs, or exposure to excessive noise.

Front 100

SENSORISTASIS

Back 100

Optimal state of arousal

Front 101

SENSORY DEFICIT

Back 101

Impaired reception and /or perception related
to one or more of a person’s senses

Front 102

SENSORY DEPRIVATION

Back 102

Decrease in or lack of meaningful stimuli

Front 103

SENSORY OVERLOAD

Back 103

Many stimuli and unable to process or manage them.

Front 104

SENSORY PERCEPTION

Back 104

Refers to the translation and
Organization of sensations from the
Environment into meaningful information.

Front 105

STAPEDECTOMY

Back 105

Performed through the canal and involves removing
the stapes superstructure and part of the footplate
and inserting a tissue graft and suitable prosthesis.

Front 106

STAPEDOCTOMY

Back 106

Removing only a small part of the stapes footplate.

Front 107

STAPES

Back 107

Is attached to the oval window

Front 108

STEREOGNOSIS

Back 108

Internal stimuli – awareness of an object’s
size, shape, and texture based on touch alone.
Holding a ball one is aware of the texture,
size and surface w/o seeing it.

Front 109

STIMULUS

Back 109

Stimulates a specialized nerve cell known as a receptor.

Front 110

STRABISMUS

Back 110

Lazy eye

Front 111

STY

Back 111

Hordeolum or sty is the infection of the
sebaceous gland in the eyelid margin.
Red, tender, raised area of the eyelid that
develops quickly. Tx is warm compresses
up to 4x/d. This infection tends to recur.

Front 112

TACTILE STIMULI

Back 112

External Stimuli ---Touch

Front 113

TINNITUS

Back 113

Sensation of ringing or buzzing

Front 114

TRACTION DETACHMENT

Back 114

Is the result of tension or a pulling force.
Generally, people with this type of detachment
have developed scar tissue from conditions such
as diabetic changes exert a pulling force on the
delicate layers of the retina.

Front 115

TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

Back 115

The eardrum

Front 116

TYMPANIC MEMBRANE PERFORATION

Back 116

Trauma such as skull FX, explosives, sever
blow to the ear. Or an foreign object.
Most ruptures heal spontaneously over months.

Front 117

VALSALVA MANEUVER

Back 117

Opens the Eustachian tube by increasing
nasopharyngeal pressure.

Front 118

VASCULAR TUNIC

Back 118

Takes on different forms at various locations.
Posteriorly, it’s the choroid, and a pigmented
layer containing blood vessels.
Anteriorly, it forms the ciliary body,
a ring of tissue that supports the lens

Front 119

VERITGO

Back 119

Misperception of motion of either person or surroundings.

Front 120

VESTIBULAR NERVE

Back 120

Carries the impulses related to balance

Front 121

VISCERAL STIMULI

Back 121

Stimuli produced by the large organs within the body.
Feeling of a full stomach.

Front 122

VISUAL STIMULI

Back 122

External stimuli ---Sight

Front 123

VITREOUS HUMOR

Back 123

A fluid secreted by the diliary body and
reabsorbed into the sclera. The secretion
process pressurizes the eyeball, but if the
secretion is more rapid than reabsorption,
and excess of pressure is called gluaucoma
results. The posterior segment is filled with
gelatinous vitreous humor.

Front 124

WET AMD

Back 124

Retinal changes occur abruptly. Straight lines
appear crooked or letters appear broken.
Resulted from proliferation of abnormal blood
vessels growing under the retina, within the
choroid layer of the eye. The vessels break and
leak fluid.