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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vascular Complications (Microvascular) and (Macrovascular)
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Retinopathy, Neuropathy, and Nephropathy
CHD, PVD, CVD |
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Non Vascular Complications
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Gastroparesis
Sexual Dysfunction Infections Skin changes Periodontal disease Hearing loss |
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Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)
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Study development and complications
Results: Difference in A1C Decreased retinopathy, neuropathy, microalbuminurea Hypoglycemic and weight gain more common with intensive therapy *Good glycemic control of conventional therapy |
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United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS)
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Incidence of vascular complications related to BP and glycemic control
Decreased A1C, microalbuminuria, microvascular complications, BP control reduced both vascular complications Metformin reduced macrovascular risk |
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ACCORD, ADVANCE, VADT
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Showed that short term glycemic control does not positively effect macrovascular risk in Type 2
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Retinopathy Pathophysiology
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Small vessels in retina became damaged and cause aneurysm.
Results in edema, fatty deposition, retinal dettachment |
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Retinopathy Risk Factors
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Hyperglycemia
HTN Smoking |
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Retinopathy Prognosis and Treatment
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Reversible!
Achieve glycemic control or laser surgery |
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Retinopathy Screening in Type 1
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Routine dilated retinal exams
Within 3-5 years after dx and annually |
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Retinopathy Screening for Type 2
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Routine dilated retinal exams
Shortly after diagnosis and annually |
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Nephropathy Risk Factors
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Hyperglycemia
HTN Hyperlipidemia Ethnicity: Native, Hispanic, or African Americans Smoking |
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Nephropathy Screening
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SCr annually to estimate C=GFR
Urine Collection - annually + at least 2 - 3 tests in 3 - 6 months |
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When to Screen for Nephropathy Type 1
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After 5 years disease duration
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When to Screen for Nephropathy for Type 2
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At onset of Diagnosis and During Pregnancy
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Microalbumin Screening
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Small random sample
Measures mcg albumin: mg Cr |
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Factors that May Affect Results for Microalbumin screening
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Exercise
UTI HTN Hyperglycemia HF |
