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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is a loci
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a particular location that a gene is located on a chromosome.
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What are the sex chromosomes
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the X and Y. Females have XX and males have XY
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what is a gene
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a discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA
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what is an allele
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any of the alternate versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic effect
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what is a diploid cell
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a cell containing two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent
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what is a haploid cell
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a cell containing only one set of chromosomes
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what is a dominant allele
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an allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote
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what is a recessive allele
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an allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed in a heterozygote
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what is complete dominance
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the situation in which the phenotype of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable
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what is codominance
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the situation in which the phenotypes of both alleles are exhibited in the heterozygote because both alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways
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what is incomplete dominance
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the situation in which the phenotype of the heterozygotes is intermediate between the phenotypes of individuals homozygous for either allele
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what is the genotype
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the genetic makeup or set of alleles of an organism
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what is a phenotype
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the physical and physiological traits of an organism which are determined by the genetic makeup
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define homozygous
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having two identical alleles for a given gene
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define heterozygous
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having two different alleles for a given gene
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what are somatic cells
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any cell in a muticellular organism except a sperm of an egg cell
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what are sex cells
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the sperm and egg cell
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what is an autosome
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a chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex; not a sex chromosome
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what is a karyotype
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a display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape
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what is a monohybrid cross
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an organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest. All the offspring from a cross between parents homozygous for different alleles are monohybrids. For example parents of the genotype AA and aa produce a monohybrid of genotype Aa
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what is a dihybrid cross
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an organism that is heterozygous with respect to two genes of interest. All the offspring from a cross between parents doubly homozygous for different alleles are dihybrids. Example, parents of AABB and aabb produce a dihybrid of AaBb
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what is a punnett square
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a diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the predicted results of random fertilization in genetic crosses
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What is a Barr Body
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a dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in cells of female mammals, representing a highly condensed inactivated X chromosome
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what is a pedigree
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a diagram of a family tree showing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring over multiple generations
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what is nondisjunction
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an error in meiosis or mitosis in which members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or a pair of sister chromatids fail to separate properly from each other
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what is translocation
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an aberration in chromosome structure resulting from attachment of a chromosomal fragment to a nonhomologous chromosome
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what is a restriction enzyme
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an endonuclease ( type of enzyme) that recoginzes and cuts DNA molecules foreign to a bacterium. The enzyme cuts at specific nucleotide sequences
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what is an antigen
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a macromolecule that elicits an immune responce by binding to receptors of B cells or T cells
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what is an antibody
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a protein secreted by plasma cells that bind to a particular antigen
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what is restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
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A single polyporphism that exits in the restriction site for a particular enzyme, thus making the site unrecognizable by that enzyme and changing the lengths of the restriction fragments formed by digestion with that enzyme. A RFLP can be in coding or encoding DNA.
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what is the phenotypic and genotypic ratio for FfTt x FfTt
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phenotype: 9:3:3:1
Genotype: 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1 |