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37 Cards in this Set

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Herod the Great
the king of Galilee during the time of John the Baptist and Jesus; when he found out another king had been born (Jesus) he ordered all boys from ages newborn to 2 to be killed. Jesus and his family fled to Egypt till Herod's death
John the Baptist
baptized Jesus
Sadducees
relatively well-off; accepted the status quo; all hoped Yahweh would intervene; all believed that the Jews needed to do something to move Yahweh to act again
Essenes
viewed society as corrupt and that Yahweh could never allow Judaism to be renewed in society so they dropped out of society; lived communally, pious, disciplined lives of fasting, prayer, purification, and study
Pharisees
scribes and officials of the Temple, tried to renew society from within by strict adherence to Mosaic Law; they equated strict adherence to the Law with piety; they were seen as the religious representatives of the Jewish community
Zealots
similar to Pharisees, but favored armed revolt against the Romans to passive resistance; assassinated Sadducees; in 66-70 CE Great Jewish Revolt they rose in revolt and were defeated at Masada preferred suicide to surrender--> this led the Romans to destroy the Temple in 70 CE and disperse the Jews
Incarnation
one of the 3 doctrines that Christianity is founded on; means that Christ is God in human form; Christ is both truly God and truly human
Atonement
root meaning=to recover wholeness; doctrine says that through Christ's life and death, the gap between God and humans has been closed
2 Ways to Understand Atonement:
1. In Middle Ages: to compensate for Adam's sin
2. In later Christianity: to release humanity from the bondage of sin; Christ suffered as a human to release us from our attachment to ourselves
Trinity
God is three in one; Father, Son, Holy Spirit; since God's essence is love, and love necessitates relationships, the theree Persons of the Triune God must have existed even prior to the creation of the world; the persons are distinct but in some mysterious way they are identical
451 CE Chalcedon
the dogma that Christ is God in human form and that Christ is both truly God and truly human became official dogma at the Council of Chalcedon; it responded to continuing questions concerning the nature of Christ- how could Christ be both God and human?, "one and the same Christ, in two natures, without division and without separation
Gnosticism
matter is eternal and evil; only the realm of the spirit is good; only certain people are capable of living a spiritural life and attaining mystical knowledge; Jesus Christ is pure spirit, not a man; JC brought saving knowledge to people who are capable of living a life of the spirit; was opposed by the Apostle's Creed
Ebionism
Jesus Christ is only a good man; he was a prophet; Jesus was not divine
Arian Heresy
also known as the Trinitarian Controversy; happened in 320 CE; Arius was a priest that claimed that Jesus was not of divine substance but a creation of God believed in one indivisible God; believed that if the Son was equal to the father there would be more than one God; destroys the mediating function of the Logos
The Russian Pilgrim
ask meghan
The Prayer of the Heart
"Lord Jesus Christ, son of God, have mercy on me, a sinner"; cultivated within the Orthodox Church; repeated again and again; may say it over 1000x a day; ultimately you gain Theosis which is union with God
Hesychasm
the science of prayer or more specifically the prayer of the heart; the practices go back to Christ and this tradition possesses an uninterrupted oral teaching which became gradually formulated and formalized from the 11th to the 14th century
Thomas Merton
wrote Seeds of Contemplation; trappist monk and widely influential 20th century catholic writer
Constantine
Roman emperor who became a Christian; under his reign, Christianity rose to become the dominant religion in the Roman Empire
Paul's Letter
written from 50 to 60 CE;
Synoptic Gospels
greek for "viewing together", Mark, Luke, and Matthew; they all have a shared perspective; John is a work of a different nature- a major theological work of the cosmic significance of Jesus as Savior and Messiah
1054 CE
East and West Schism; Eastern Orthodoxy split with Rome; split because of teaching authority- before 1054 Patriarch of Rome- one among equals, unanimity on fewer issues, ways in which dogmas are presented
Q= Source
Q=Quell (German)= source; in the 19th century, scholars postulated a separate hypothetical source for the parable material not found in Mark. They assumed that another document, containing the teachings of Jesus, has not come down to us but was used by both Luke and Matthew; Luke and Matthew may have worked from different manuscripts of Q
New Seeds of Contemplation
written by Thomas Merton; contemplation is spontaneous awe at the sacredness of life...it is gratitude for life, for awareness and for being. it is a vivid realization of the fact that life and being proceed from an invisible, transcendent and infinitely abundant Source
Orthodoxy
Become one with God; practice the Jesus prayer, seeking council from your spiritual father; mediate on icons; withdraw from mundane life to the life of the spirit
Gospels
is a writing that describes the life of Jesus
Icon
"windows to heaven"
The Nous
the mind descends into the heart and is illuminated by God, it perceives God
Theosis
union with God
Logos
Jesus is the incarnation of the divine Word; taught in parables, acts; disciples learned through what they saw, heard, and felt
64-70 CE
The Great Jewish Revolt; the zealots rose in revolt and were defeated at Masada; they preferred suicide to surrender
Heretic
is proposing some unorthodox change to an established system of belief, especially a religion, that conflicts with the previously established opinion of scholars of that belief such as canon; a heretic is a person who claims heresy
381 CE
Christianity becomes the official religion of the Roman empire
Arius
a priest who was involved in the Arian Heresy and in the Creed of Nicea he was declared a heretic; he was exiled to Illyria; because of his views Arianism continued to influence Christianity until the Medieval period
Council of Nicea
occurred in 325 CE when the dogma that Christ's nature was truly divine was established; there it was decided the Christ and God the Father were one; this countered the Arian Heresy
325 CE
the Council of Nicea
Apostles' Creed
I believe in God Almighty, and in Christ Jesus, his Son, our Lord, who was born of the holy Spirit and the Virgin mary, who was crucified under Pontius Pilate and buried, and the third day arose from teh dead, who ascended into heaven and sits on teh right hand of the Father whence he comes to judge the living and the dead; and in the Holy Spirit, the holy church, the remission of sins, the resurrection of the flesh, and the life everlasting
Ekklesia
according to the idea of the mystical body of Christ, Christians were referred to as Messiah Folk- those who were called apart