Chpt 6 Vocab

Front 1

Acidosis

Back 1

A pathologic condition existing when the blood pH decreases to less than 7.35

Front 2

Adrenals

Back 2

endocrine glands that produce hormones as a result of emotional changes like fright or anger. Hormone production causes an increase in blood pressure, widened pupils, and hear stimulation

Front 3

Alkalosis

Back 3

A pathologic condition that results when the blood pH increases to more than 7.45. In serious cases, it can lead to coma

Front 4

Alveolar sacs

Back 4

grapelike structures in the lungs that allow for diffusion between air and blood

Front 5

Anabolism

Back 5

A body function whereby cells use energy to make complex compounds from simpler ones. It allows the synthesis of body fluids (e.g. sweat, tears, saliva, etc.)

Front 6

Anatomy

Back 6

Study of the structural components of the body

Front 7

Anterior

Back 7

Surface region of the body characterized by the front (or ventral)area and including the thoracic abdominal, and pelvic cavities

Front 8

Ascites

Back 8

Fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity

Front 9

Body planes

Back 9

imaginary dividing lines of the body that serve as reference points for describing distance from or proximity to the body. Body planes include the sagittal, frontal, transverse, and medial planes

Front 10

cardiac (striated involuntary ) muscles

Back 10

muscles that make up the wall of the heart

Front 11

Cartilage

Back 11

substance similar to one except that cells are surrounded by a gelatinous material that allows for flexibility

Front 12

Catabolism

Back 12

chemical reactions in the body that break down complex substance into simpler ones while simultaneously releasing energy. The process provides energy for all body functions

Front 13

(CSF)

cerebrospinal Fluid

Back 13

fluid that surrounds the brain and menings within the spinal column

Front 14

Circulatory system

Back 14

body system referring to the heart, blood vessels, and blood; responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients to cells and transports carbon dioxide and wastes until they are eliminated; transports hormones, regulates body temperature, and helps defend against diseases

Front 15

Deep

Back 15

anatomical term meaning far from the surface of the body

Front 16

(DNA)

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Back 16

molecule containing thousands of genes that make up an individual's genetic code. Often referred to as a double helix, NDA is inherited from parents and carries the code for an individual's characteristics such as eye or hair color, height, etc.

Front 17

Digestive system

Back 17

body system referring to organs in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that break down food chemically and physically into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body cells and allow the elimination of waste products of digestion

Front 18

Disease

Back 18

a specific, measurable condition characterized by specific clinical symptoms, patient history, and laboratory or radiology results.

Front 19

Disorder

Back 19

a generic term referring to any pathologic condition of the mind or body

Front 20

Distal

Back 20

anatomical term meaning distant or away from point of attachment

Front 21

Dorsal

Back 21

surface region of the body characterized by the back, (or posterior) area and including the cranial and spinal cavities

Front 22

Endocrine Glands

Back 22

Ductless glands that release their secretions (hormones) directly into the blood stream

Front 23

Exocrine Glands

Back 23

glands that secrete fluids through channels or ducts (e.g. sweat, saliva, mucus, digestive juices)

Front 24

Frontal plane

Back 24

imaginary line running lengthwise on the body from side to side dividing the body into anterior and posterior sections

Front 25

Gastrointestinal system

Back 25

aka Digestive system;

body system that breaks down food chemically and physically into nutrients that can be absorbed and transported throughout the body to be used for energy by all body cells and, to eliminate waste products of digestion through the production of feces

Front 26

Genes

Back 26

located on a chromosome, it is a unit of heredity capable of reproducing itself exactly during cell division; it is made of segments of DNA

Front 27

Hematology

Back 27

The study of blood and blood-forming tissues

Front 28

Hematopoiesis

Back 28

the process of blood cell formation that occurs in the bone marrow

Front 29

Hemoglobin

Back 29

(Hgb)

The molecules that carry oxygen and carbon dioxide in the RBCs

Front 30

Homestasis

Back 30

maintenance of circulation blood in the liquid state and retention of blood in the vascular system

Front 31

Hormones

Back 31

body substances secreted from glands that play a role in growth and development, fluid and electrolyte balance, energy balance, and acid-base balance

Front 32

(HIV)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Back 32

a virus spread by sexual contact or exposure to infected blood

Front 33

Illness

Back 33

A subjective, non-measurable term for any departure from wellness (pain, suffering, distress)

Front 34

Immunology

Back 34

The study of diseases of the immune system; allergic disorders

Front 35

Integumentary System

Back 35

Body system referring to skin, hair, sweat, and oil glands, teeth, and fingernails; involved in protective and regulatory functions

Front 36

Lateral

Back 36

directional term meaning towards the sides of the body

Front 37

Medial

Back 37

directional term meaning toward the midline of the body

Front 38

Melanin

Back 38

pigment in the skin that provides color and protects underlying tissues from absorbing ultraviolet rays

Front 39

Meninges

Back 39

protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord

Front 40

Metabolic Acidosis

Back 40

a pathologic condition that occurs when the kidneys cannot eliminate acidic substances (e.g. in diabetes mellitus). it can result in kidney (renal ) failure and death

Front 41

Metabolic Alkaosis

Back 41

A pathologic condition that results from excessive vomiting or an abnormal secretion of certain hormones that causes excess elimination of hydrogen ions (from CO2 )

Front 42

Metabolism

Back 42

An important bodily function that allows the formation or breakdown of substance (e.g. proteins ) for the purpose of using energy

Front 43

microbiology

Back 43

the study of microbes; microbiologic test typically use specialized media to detect the growth of infectious microbes from bodily specimens

Front 44

Motor Neurons

Back 44

nerve cells that transmit impulses to muscles from the spinal cord or the brain

Front 45

Muscular System

Back 45

body system referring to all muscles of the body

Front 46

nervous System

Back 46

body system that includ3es organs that provide communication in the body, sensations, thoughts emotions, and memories

Front 47

Neurons

Back 47

specialized nerve cells that transmit nerve impulses

Front 48

Nucleolus

Back 48

cell structure located inside the nucleus, aids in cellular metabolism and cellular reproduction

Front 49

Nucleus

Back 49

cell structure that is the cell's control center; it governs the functions of each individual cell (e.g. growth, repair, reproduction, and metabolism

Front 50

Occult blood

Back 50

analysis that detects hidden (occult) blood in the stool.

Front 51

Organelles

Back 51

small structures within cells

Front 52

organ systems

Back 52

groups of organs that have common functions

Front 53

osteomyelitis

Back 53

inflammation of the bond due to bacterial infection

Front 54

osteoporosis

Back 54

a condition in which the bone becomes porous and at a higher risk of fracturing. This is due to reduced mineral density in bone and is more common in post-menopausal women, than in men

Front 55

(O&P)

ova and parasites

Back 55

laboratory analysis performed on stool specimens that determines the presence of parasitic microorganism or eggs or parasitic organisms

Front 56

Pathogenesis

Back 56

the origin of a disease

Front 57

Pathology

Back 57

the study fall aspects of disease and abnormal conditions of the body

Front 58

Peristalsis

Back 58

part of the digestive process whereby food is moved in wavelike contractions throughout the intestines

Front 59

Peritoneal Fluid

Back 59

fluid from the abdominal cavity

Front 60

Physiology

Back 60

the study of the functional components of the body

Front 61

Pituitary Gland

Back 61

also referred to as the master gland, stimulates other glands to produce hormones as needed. it controls and regulates hormone production through chemical feedback.

Front 62

Pleural Fluid

Back 62

fluid from the lung cavity

Front 63

Posterior

Back 63

surface region of the body characterized by the back or dorsal areal and including the cranial and spinal cavities

Front 64

Proximal

Back 64

near the point of attachment

Front 65

Pulse Rate

Back 65

rate used to assess normal function of the cardiovascular system; it is measured off the pulse located in an artery, normal pulse rate is about 75 beats per minutes

Front 66

Red Blood cells

Back 66

RBCs / Erythrocytes

blood cells that function to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body

Front 67

Reproductive system

Back 67

body system referring to organs involved in sperm production, secretion of hormones, (testosterone, estrogen, progesterone ovulation, fertilization, menstruation, pregnancy, labor, and lactation

Front 68

Respiration rate

Back 68

the measure of how many times a patient breathes in and out in one minute

Front 69

Respiratory acidosis

Back 69

a pathologic condition that results when the respiratory system is unable to eliminate adequate amounts of CO2 (e.g. a collapsed lung or blocked respiratory passages)

Front 70

Respiratory alkalosis

Back 70

a pathologic condition that result from hyperventilation or the loss of too much CO2 fro the lungs.

Front 71

respiratory system

Back 71

body system referring to parts that assist in respiration or breathing (e.g. nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs)

Front 72

sensory neurons

Back 72

transmit nerve impulses to the spinal cord or the brain from muscle tissues

Front 73

Skeletal (striated voluntary) muscles

Back 73

muscles that are attached to bones

Front 74

skeletal system

Back 74

body system composed of all bones and joints

Front 75

steady state

Back 75

also referred to as homeostasis, it is a condition that allows the normal body to stay in balance by continually compensating with necessary changes, there by remaining in a healthy condition.

Front 76

superficial

Back 76

near the surface of the body

Front 77

synovial fluid

Back 77

joint fluid

Front 78

transverse plane

Back 78

imaginary line running crosswise, or horizontally, on the body, dividing the body into upper and lower sections.

Front 79

urinary system

Back 79

Body system referring to processes enabling the production and elimination of urine. consists of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

Front 80

ventral

Back 80

surface region of the body characterized by the front (or anterior) area and including the thoracic abdominal, and pelvic cavities

Front 81

visceral

(non-striated, smooth, involuntary muscles)

Back 81

muscles that line the walls of internal structures.