Chpt 6

Front 1

Functions of Skeletal System

Back 1

Support

Store minerals and lipids

Produce blood cells

Protection

Leverage

Front 2

Axial Skeleton

Back 2

Consists of the bones of the skull, thorax, and vertebral column

Longitudinal axis of the body

Front 3

Appendicular Skeleton

Back 3

Bones of the limbs and the pectoral and pelvic girdles that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton

Front 4

Flat Bone

Back 4

Thin, roughly parallel surfaces

Protect underlying soft tissue

Ex - roof of skull, sternum, ribs, scapulae

Front 5

Sutural Bones

Back 5

Small, flat, irregularly shaped bones between flat bones of the skull

Front 6

Long Bones

Back 6

Elongated and slender

Ex - arm, forearm, thigh, leg, palm, soles, fingers, toes

Femur is the largest and heaviest bone in the body

Front 7

Sesamoid Bones

Back 7

Generally small, flat, and shaped somewhat like a sesame seed

Inside tendons

Commonly located at joints at knees, hands, feet (kneecap)

Front 8

Short Bones

Back 8

Small and boxy

Ex - bones of wrists and ankles

Front 9

Canal or Meatus

Back 9

Large passageway through a bone

Front 10

Process

Back 10

Any project or bump on a bone

Front 11

Sinus

Back 11

Chamber within a bone that is normally filled with air

Front 12

Foramen

Back 12

Small, rounded passageway through which blood vessels or nerves penetrate the bone

Front 13

Fissure

Back 13

Elongated cleft or gap

Front 14

Surface markings of humerus

Back 14

Head

Tubercle

Sulcus

Tuberosity

Diaphysis

Trochlea

Condyle

Front 15

Surface markings of the femur

Back 15

Head

Neck

Trochlear

Diaphysis

Facet

Condyle

Front 16

Surface markings of the pelvis

Back 16

Crest

Fossa

Line

Spine

Ramus

Front 17

Long Bone Anatomy

Back 17

Epiphysis (ends)
Spongy Bone

Metaphysis

Diaphysis

Compact Bone

Medullary Cavity

Front 18

Red Bone Marrow

Back 18

Present in medullary cavity

Highly vascular

Involved in production of RBCs

Front 19

Yellow Bone Marrow

Back 19

Present in medullary cavity

Adipose tissue important as an energy reserve

Front 20

Articular Cartilage

Back 20

Covers the portion of the epiphysis that articulate with other bones

Front 21

Metphyseal artery and vein

Back 21

Carry blood to and from the metaphysis and to the epiphysis through epiphyseal arteries and veins

Front 22

Nutrient Foramen

Back 22

Tunnel that penetrates the diaphysis and provides access for the nutrient artery/vein

Front 23

Osteocyte

Back 23

Mature bone cell

Maintain the protein and mineral content of the surrounding matrix

Front 24

Lamellae

Back 24

Thin layers of matrix in osteocytes

Front 25

Lacuna

Back 25

Pocket sandwiched between layers of matrix

Occupied by an osteocyte

Front 26

Canaliculi

Back 26

Narrow passageways that penetrate the lamellae

Front 27

Osteoblasts

Back 27

Immature precursor cell

Produce new bone matrix in a process called ossification/osteogenesis

Front 28

Osteogenic Cells

Back 28

aka - osteoprogenitor cells

Mesenchymal cells present in bone

Produce daughter cells that differentiate into osteoblasts (important for bone repair)

Front 29

Osteoclasts

Back 29

Cells that remove and recycle bone matrix

Involved in osteolysis, to regulate calcium and phosphate ion concentrations

Front 30

Concentric Lamellae

Back 30

Nested cylinders around central canal

Front 31

Trabeculae

Back 31

Struts and plates formed in the matrix of spongy bone

Front 32

Circumferential Lamellae

Back 32

Found at outer and inner surfaces of the bone, where they are covered by the periosteum and endosteum

Front 33

Interstitial Lamellae

Back 33

Fill in the spaces between the osteons in compact bone

Front 34

Perforating Canals

Back 34

Extend perpendicular to the surface of a bone

Blood vessels in these canals supply blood to osteons deeper in the bone and tissues of the medullary cavity

Front 35

Appositional Growth

Back 35

The enlargement of a cartilage or bone by the addition of cartilage or bone matrix at the surface

Front 36

Periosteum

Back 36

Layer that surrounds a bone, consisting of an outer fibrous region and inner cellular region

Front 37

Endosteum

Back 37

Incomplete cellular lining on the inner (medullary) surface of bone

Front 38

Pituitary Growth Failure

Back 38

Inadequate production of growth hormone leads to reduced epiphyseal cartilage activity and abnormally short bones

Front 39

Achondroplasia

Back 39

Epiphyseal cartilages of the long bones grow unusually slowly and are replaced by bone early in life

Short, stocky limbs

Trunk is normal in size

Front 40

Marfan's Syndrome

Back 40

Very tall and long, slender limbs

Due to excessive cartilage formation at the epiphyseal cartilages

Front 41

What is the most abundant mineral in the human body?

Back 41

Calcium