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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is metabolism?
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the collection of controlled biochemical reactions that take place in a cell; include catabolism and anabolism
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What is catabolism?
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breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules; produces ATP
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What is anabolism?
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synthesize large molecule from smaller molecules; require ATP
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What does ATP stand for?
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Adenosine triphosphate
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How much ATP does bacterium need per second?
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3 million ATP molecules
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What is the other name for Aerobic Energy Production?
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cellular respiration
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What is the equation for Aerobic Energy Production?
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C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
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What is glucose to a bacteria?
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its a nutrient; food!
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What is oxygen in the Aerobic Energy Production equation?
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the reactant; required to produce ATP
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What is required to produce ATP?
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oxygen
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What is carbon dioxide in the Aerobic Energy Production equation?
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the byproduct from producing ATP
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What is the byproduct from producing ATP?
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CO2
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What is a Redox reaction?
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reduction + oxidation
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What does LEO stand for? What does it mean?
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loose electrons; oxidized (glucose)
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What does GER stand for? What does it mean?
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gain electrons; reduced (oxygen)
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What is the equation for making ATP?
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ADP + P + Energy = ATP
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What does ADP stand for in the ATP equation?
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adenosine diphosphate
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What is the P in the ATP equation?
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the phosphate groups
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What are the 3 steps in Aerobic Energy Process?
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1)glycolysis
2)kreb's cycle 3)electron transport chain |
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What is glycolysis?
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the splitting of sugar
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Where does glycolysis occur?
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occurs in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes and eukaryotes
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What does the splitting of glucose create?
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2 pyruvic acids
2 ATP 2 NADH (electron carriers) |
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What is the Bridge in the Aerobic Energy Process?
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the splitting of the 2 pyruvic acids into 2 acetly coA
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What does the splitting of pyruvic acid create in the process?
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2 CO2
2 NADH (electron carriers) |
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What is NADH?
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electron carriers
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What is Kreb's cycle?
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2 acetly coA "spin" the Kreb's cycle one time = 2 spins; then they continue to open bonds and release energy;
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Where does the Kreb's cycle occur in prokaryotes?
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in the cytoplasm
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Where does the Kreb's cycle occur in eukaryotes?
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in the mitochondria
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What is produced throughout the Kreb's cycle?
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2 ATP
4 CO2 6 NADH (electron carrier) 2 FADH2 (electron carrier) |
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What is FADH2?
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electron carrier
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What is the Electron Transport Chain?
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a series of proteins embedded in the plasma membrane
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Where is the ETC located in prokaryotes?
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in the plasma membrane
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Where is the ETC located in eukaryotes?
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in the mitochondrial membrane (inner)
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What is delivered to ETC? What transports it there?
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electrons; NADH and FADH2
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What is the final member of ETC in aerobic energy production?
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oxygen
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Is there more electronegativity at the beginning or the end of the ETC?
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at the end
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Where is the energy stored?
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in the bonds of ATP
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How do you produce ATP via the ETC?
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need to build H+ concentration gradient; to put more H+ on one side of a membrane
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Where does NADH drop off his electrons?
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at the beginning of the ETC
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What does oxygen + e- + hydrogen produce?
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H2O
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What do you use to produce ATP (relating to the ETC)?
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use a H+ concentration gradient and ATP synthase (enzyme)
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What is ATP synthase?
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an enzyme that helps produce ATP
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How many ATP molecules are produced by one NADH dropping off its electrons?
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3 ATP
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How many ATP molecules are produced by FADH2 dropping off its electrons?
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2 ATP
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Does FADH2 drop off its electrons at the beginning of the ETC?
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no; therefore produces less ATP than NADH
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How many total ATP molecules are produced after the Aerobic Energy equation?
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38 ATP total
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One glucose molecule produces how much ATP?
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38 ATP
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What is Anerobic Energy Production?
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Glycolysis, Kreb's, and ETC; instead of using oxygen as last member, you use sulfate or nitrate
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What is the final member of the ETC in anerobic energy production?
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sulfate or nitrate
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What use the anaerobic energy production?
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prokaryotes only (but not all prokaryotes can)
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Can prokaryotes do aerobic energy production?
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yes if oxygen is available
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What is fermentation?
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when there is no oxygen; therefore, no aerobic energy production is possible; only glycolysis
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How many ATP molecules are produced from 1 glucose molecule in fermentation?
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2 ATP
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Does fermentation produce end products?
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yes
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What is the only step you do in fermentation?
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glycolysis
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What is the end product of yeast in fermentation?
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ethanol (alcohol)
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What is the end product of humans in fermentation?
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lactic acid (muscle burn)
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What is the end product of bacteria in fermentation?
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acetic acid (vinegar)/ acetone
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