Chpt 17

Front 1

Bacteria

Back 1

single celled living organisms

Front 2

Aerobic:

Back 2

requires O2 to survive (examples: strep, E.coli)

Hint 2

Anaerobic: doesn’t need O2 to survive (examples: staph, salmonella)

Front 3

Gram negative/Gram positive:

Back 3

Types of stain used in the lab to help differentiate bacteria
Examples: Strep, Staph, E.coli, salmonella, polio, tuberculosis

Front 4

Viruses:

Back 4

NON-living, made of strands of DNA surrounded by a protein coat
can only replicate in side a host’s cell by combining with the host’s DNA
Examples: herpes simplex (cold sore), herpes zoster (chicken pox/shingles), measles, influenza, hepatitis

Front 5

Fungi:

Back 5

microscopic plants (yeasts, molds).
Examples: candida (vaginitis), ring worm, athlete’s foot

Front 6

Culture & sensitivity test:

Back 6

sample of infected tissue is tested (wound, throat, urine, blood)
1. to determine causative organism (bacterium or fungus)
2. to determine which antibiotics will kill the organism

Front 7

Antibiotic:

Back 7

drug that treats bacterial infections. Antibiotics do NOT kill fungi or viruses.

Front 8

broad spectrum:

Back 8

inhibits or destroys many types of bacteria (gram positive & negative bacteria)

Front 9

narrow spectrum:

Back 9

inhibits or destroys only one type of bacteria

Front 10

MRSA :

Back 10

methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Front 11

VRSA:

Back 11

vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Front 12

Nosocomial infection:

Back 12

infection acquired in the hospital during hospitalization
most often caused by health care workers -lack of hand washing & lack of barrier devices

Front 13

Pathogenic:

Back 13

something that causes disease

Front 14

Normal flora:

Back 14

NON-pathogenic micro-organisms that live inside or on the body

Front 15

Pathogenic:

Back 15

something that causes disease
Normal flora: NON-pathogenic micro-organisms that live inside or on the body
ANTIFUNGALS: used to treat fungi such as ringworm, athlete’s foot, yeast infections
ANTITUBERCULARS: antibiotics specific to TB are given for several months after diagnosis
TB is becoming increasingly resistant to known antibiotics!!
TB skin test: to detect if a person has been exposed to mycobacterium bacteria
Positive TB skin test means exposure, not infection. Further blood tests/chest X-rays
ANTIBIOTICS
Penicillins: (PCN) “cillin” narrow spectrum
Available in 1940’s, originally made from a blue mold
Examples: penicillin G, penicillin V, ampicillin/augmentin
Methicillin: narrow spectrum gram positive bacteria (staph) “drug of last resort”
Cephalosporins: “cef” or “ceph” broad spectrum
Examples: cephalexin, cefadroxil, cefazolin
Macrolides: “mycin”
broad spectrum
Examples: erythromycin
Vancomycin—narrow spectrum gram positive bacteria (staph) “drug of last resort”

Front 16

Tetracyclines:

Back 16

“cycline”
broad spectrum

Front 17

Normal flora:

Back 17

NON-pathogenic micro-organisms that live inside or on the body

Front 18

ANTIFUNGALS:

Back 18

used to treat fungi such as ringworm, athlete’s foot, yeast infections

Front 19

ANTITUBERCULARS:

Back 19

antibiotics specific to TB are given for several months after diagnosis
TB is becoming increasingly resistant to known antibiotics!!

Front 20

TB skin test:

Back 20

to detect if a person has been exposed to mycobacterium bacteria
Positive TB skin test means

Front 21

Penicillins: (PCN)

Back 21

“cillin” narrow spectrum
Available in 1940’s, originally made from a blue mold
Examples: penicillin G, penicillin V, ampicillin/augmentin

Front 22

Methicillin:

Back 22

narrow spectrum gram positive bacteria (staph) “drug of last resort”

Front 23

Cephalosporins:

Back 23

“cef” or “ceph” broad spectrum
Examples: cephalexin, cefadroxil, cefazolin

Front 24

Macrolides:

Back 24

“mycin”
broad spectrum
Examples: erythromycin

Front 25

prevention of VIRUSES:

Back 25

measles, mumps, rubella; chicken pox/shingles,
influenza, hepatitis A & B, HPV, polio, small pox

Front 26

prevention of BACTERIA:

Back 26

diptheria, pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus,
meningitis, pneumonia

Front 27

ANTIVIRALS:

Back 27

treat viral illnesses caused by herpes viruses by speeding healing time & relieving pain.
Antivirals do NOT cure disease and do NOT prevent further outbreaks of disease.

Front 28

HYPERSENSITIVITY:

Back 28

typical allergic reaction to a substance (can be mild or severe)
symptoms: rash, hives, pruritis (itching)

Front 29

ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK: )

Back 29

SEVERE allergic reaction
1. massive vasodilation causing loss of blood pressure tp LETHAL levels!
2. Bronchospasm with swelling of airways causing inability to breathe
Treated with epinephrine (beta receptor stimulant drug

Front 30

Drug TOXICITY:

Back 30

drug causes tissue damage (reversible or irreversible),
drug must be discontinued STAT!
Examples: ototoxicity (hearing damage), hepatotoxicity (liver damage),
nephrotoxicity (kidney damage), phlebitis (vein damage),
blood cell abnormalities (thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, leukopenia)