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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Structuralism
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Founder: Wundt
"Modern Psychology" Def: Discover basic elements or structures of mental process identifying the structures of the human mind. Method of Study: Introspection- Looking inside, the mind -What the mind is- Pg 9 Chpt 1 |
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Functionalism
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Founder: William James
Def: The Functions and purposes of the mind & behavior in the individuals adaption to the environment. Mind is flexible and fluid, constant change to continous flow. -What it is for- Pg 9 Chpt 1 |
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Natural Selection
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Founder: Charles Darwin
"On the Origin of Species" Def: Evolutionary process, organisms that are best adapted to their environment will survive and produce offspring. Chpt 1 Pg 9/10 |
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The Biological Approach
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Def: An approach to psychology focusing on the body, brain and nervous system.
Neuroscience- Study of the structure, function, dvelopement, genetics and biochemistry of the nervous system. emphasizes that the brain and nervous system are central to understanding behavior, thought and emotion. Chpt 1 Pg 11 |
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The Behavioral Approach
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Founder: B.F Skinner
Def: Emphasizes the scientific study observable behavioral responses and their environmental determinants. B.F Skinner- What people do, their actions and behaviors. NOT thoughts, feelings and or goals. Chpt 1 Pg 12 |
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The Humanistic Approach
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Def: Empasizes a person's positive qualities, the capacity for positive growth and the freedom to choose one's destiny.
Control own Lives- Not by environment Altruism- unselfish concern for other peoples well-being and free will. Chpt 1 Pg 12 |
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The Psychodynamic Approach
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Founder: Sigmund Freud
Def: emphasizes unconscious thought, the conflict between biological drives (such as sex) and society's demands and early childhood family experiences. Technique- Psychoanalysis ( involves a analyst's unlocking a person's unconscious conflicts by talking about dreams, thoughts and feelings. Chpt 1 Pg 12 |
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The Cognitive Approach
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Def: Emphasizing the mental process involved in knowing: how we direct our attention , perceive, remember, think and solve problems.
Information Processing: the ways that the human mind interprets incoming information, weighs it, stores it and applies it to decision making. Chpt 1 Pg 12 |
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The Evolutionary Approach
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Def: Centered on evolutiuonary ideas such as adaption, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors.
Chpt 1 Pg 13 |
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The Sociocultural Approach
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Def: examines the ways in which social and cultural environments influence behavior.
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Scientific Method
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Steps:
1. Observing some Phenomenon (Variable & theory) 2. Formulating hypotheses and predictions (hypothesis) 3. Testing through empirical research (operational definition) 4. Drawing Conclusions 5. Evaluating the theory Meta- Analysis |
