Chp.1 History Vocab

Front 1

Sec 1: Humanism-

Back 1

*Intellectual movement at the heart of the Renaissance

* Focused on education and the classics

*Humanists believed: education should stimulate the individual’s creative powers.

Front 2

Sec 1: Humanities-

Back 2

Subjects such as:

*Grammar

*Rhetoric (study of using language effectively)

*Poetry

*History

*These had been taught in ancient Greek and Roman schools.

Front 3

Sec 1: Patron-

Back 3

Financial supporter of the arts

Front 4

Sec 1: Leonardo da Vinci-

Back 4

Created:

*The Mona Lisa

*The Last Supper.

*Dissected corpses to learn how bones and muscles work.

Front 5

Sec 1: Michelangelo-

Back 5

*Statue of David.

*Sculptor, painter, engineer, architect, and poet. *Created huge murals on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome.

Front 6

Sec 1: Raphael-

Back 6

*Admired for artistic talent and sweet and gracious nature.

*created portrayals of the Madonna (Mary).

*Blended Christian and classical styles.

Front 7

Sec 1: Baldassarre Castiglione-

Back 7

Wrote The Book of the Courtier: describes the manners, skills, learning, and virtues that a member of the court should have.

Front 8

Sec 1: Niccolo Machiavelli-

Back 8

*Wrote The Prince: a guide for rulers on how to gain and maintain leadership in terms of high ideals.

*Critics attacked his cynical advice.

*He believes it is better for a prince to be feared than loved.

Front 9

Sec 2: Johann Gutenberg-

Back 9

Printed the first complete edition of the Bible using a printing press with movable type.

Front 10

Sec 2: Vernacular-

Back 10

Everyday language of ordinary people.

Front 11

Sec 2: Thomas More-

Back 11

*Friend of Erasmus.

*He wrote Utopia and pressed for social reform.

Front 12

Sec 2: Utopian-

Back 12

*Any ideal society often with the implication that such a society is ultimately impractical.

Front 13

Sec 2: Shakespeare-

Back 13

English Poet and playwright.

Front 14

Sec 3: Indulgence-

Back 14

A donation to the church that claimed to shorten your time in purgatory.

Front 15

Sec 3: Martin Luther-

Back 15

*German monk and professor of theology *revolted against the church.

*Labeled as an outlaw.

Front 16

Sec 3: John Calvin-

Back 16

*Priest and lawyer

*published a widely read book (Institutes of the Christian Religion) about his beliefs and explained how to establish a Protestant church.

Front 17

Sec 3: Predestination-

Back 17

Calvinist belief that God long ago determined who would gain salvation.

Front 18

Sec 3: Theocracy-

Back 18

Government ruled by church leaders.

Front 19

Sec 4: Henry VIII-

Back 19

*Responsible for break with Catholic church

*Was 1st against Protestant Revolt but changed his mind when conflict came up.

*Had one surviving child: Mary tudor. Needed a male heir so he though to marry Anne Boleyn who served the queen so she could bear a son.

*Catholic law doesn't permit divorce so the pope refused.

*declared himself supreme head of a new Church of England. (Anglican)

Front 20

Sec 4: Mary Tudor-

Back 20

*Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon’s only surviving child.

Front 21

Sec 4: Elizabeth-

Back 21

The Daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Took the throne after Mary’s death.

Front 22

Sec 4: Council of Trent-

Back 22

*Led by Italian cardinal Charles Borromeo.

*This council met off and and on for about 20 years.

*It reaffirmed the traditional Catholic views that Protestants had challenged.

*The council took steps to end abuses in the Church.

Front 23

Sec 5: Nicolaus Copernicus-

Back 23

*Polish scholar who proposed a heliocentric, sun centered, model of the universe.

Front 24

Sec 6: Galileo-

Back 24

*assembled an astronomical telescope. *Observed that Jupiter has 4 orbiting moons. *Was put on house arrest.

Front 25

Sec 7: Scientific method-

Back 25

A step by step process of discovery that evolved.

Front 26

Sec 8: Isaac Newton-

Back 26

*Laws of Gravity, Motion, physics etc.

*Further developed calculus.