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147 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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arteriole
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small artery
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bowman capsule
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enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus
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calyx, calix
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cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis
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catheter
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tube for injecting or removing fluids
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cortex
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outer region
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creatinine
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waste product of muscle metabolism; nitrogenous waste excreted in urine
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electrolyte
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a chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water
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erythropoietin (EPO)
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a hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow
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filtration
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passive process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter or other material
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glomerulus
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tiny ball of capillaries in cortex of kidney
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hilum
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depression or hollow in that part of an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave
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kidney
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one of two bean-shaped organs behind the abdominal cavity on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region
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meatus
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opening or canal
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medulla
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inner region
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micturition
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urination; the act of voiding
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nephron
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combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney
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nitrogenous waste
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substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine
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potassium
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an electrolyte important to body processes, kidney regulates the concentration in the blood
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reabsorption
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in this process, the renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream
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renal artery
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blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney
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renal pelvis
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central collecting region in the kidney
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renal tubule
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microscopic tube in the kidney in which urine is formed after filtration
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renal vein
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blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart
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renin
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an enzymatic hormone synthesized, stored, and secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction
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sodium
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an electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys
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trigone
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triangular area in the urinary bladder in which the ureters enter and the urethra exits
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urea
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major nitrogenous waste product excreted in the urine
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ureter
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tube leading from each kidney to the urinary bladder
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urethra
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tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
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uric acid
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a nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
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urinary bladder
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hollow muscular sac that holds and stores urine
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urination
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process of expelling urine
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voiding
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emptying of urine from the urinary bladder
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cali/o, calic/o
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calyx
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caliectasis
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stretching or widening of the calyx
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glomerul/o
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glomerulus
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glomerular
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structure or substance of the glomerular
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meat/o
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meatus
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meatal stenosis
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tightening of the meatus
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nephroptosis
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downward displacement of dropping of a kidney when its anatomic supports are weakened
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nephrosclerosis
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hardening of arterioles in the kidney
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hydronephrosis
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abnormal condition of fluid in the kidney
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pyel/o
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renal pelvis
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pyelolithotomy
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removal of a large calculus (stone) contributing to blockage of urine flow and development of infection
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colic
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intermittent spasms of pain caused by inflammation and distention of a hollow organ
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renal colic
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pain results from calculi in the kidney or ureter
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trigon/o
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trigone (region of the bladder)
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trigonitis
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inflammation of the trigone
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ureter/o
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ureter
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ureteroplasty
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surgical repair of the ureter
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ureterolithotomy
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incision in the ureter to remove a stone
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ureteroileostomy
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surgeon forms a pouch from a segment of the ileum, used in place of the bladder to carry urine from the ureters out of the body
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urethr/o
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urethra
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urethritis
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inflammation of the urethra
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urethral stricture
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abnormal narrowing of the urethra
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vesic/o
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urinary bladder
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perivesical
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around the urinary bladder
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vesicoureteral reflux
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reflux of the urethra and urinary bladder
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albumin/o
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albumin (a protein in the blood)
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albuminuria
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a urine condition of albumin
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-uria
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urine condition
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azot/o
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nitrogen
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azotemia
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toxic condition of nitrogen in the blood
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bacteri/o
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bacteria
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bacteriuria
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bacteria in the urine
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dips/o
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thirst
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polydipsia
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condition of being very thirsty
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ket/o, keton/o
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ketone bodies
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ketosis
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condition of acids accumulating in the blood and tissues
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ketonuria
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condition of acid in the urine
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noct/o
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night
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nocturia
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frequent, excessive urination at night
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olig/o
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scanty
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oliguria
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scanty in the urine
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-poietin
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substance that forms
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erythropoietin
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substance that forms red blood cells (bone marrow)
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py/o
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pus
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pyuria
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pus in the urine
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-tripsy
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to crush
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lithotripy
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to crush a stone
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uremia
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condition of blood in the urine
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enuresis
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bed-wetting
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diuresis
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increased formation and secretion of urine
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antidiuretic hormone
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a hormone from the pituatary gland that normally acts on the renal tubules to cause water to be reabsorbed into the bloodstream
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urin/o
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urine
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urinary incontinence
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loss of control of the passage of urine from the bladder
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-uria
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urine condition
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glycosuria
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condition of sugar in the urine
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glomerulonephritis
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inflammation of the kidney glomerulus
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interstitial nephritis
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inflammation of the renal interstitium
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nephrolithiasis
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kidney stones
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nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis)
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a group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in the urine
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polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
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multiple fluid-filled sacs within and on the kidney
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pyelonephritis
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inflammation of the renal pelvis and renal medulla
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renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma)
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cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood
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renal failure
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failure of the kidney to excrete wastes and maintain its filtration function
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renal hypertension
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high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
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Wilms tumor
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malignant tumor of the kidney occuring in childhood
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bladder cancer
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malignant tumor of the urinary bladder
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diabetes insipidus
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inadequate secretion or resistance of the kidney to the action of antidiuretic hormone
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diabetes mellitus
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inadequate secretion or improper utilization of insulin
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blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
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measurement of urea levels in blood
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creatinine clearance
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measures the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney
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ct scan
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x-ray image showing a detailed cross-sectional view of organs and tissues
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kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB)
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x-ray examination of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder
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renal angiography
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x-ray examination of the vascular system of the kidney
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retrograde pyelogram
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x-ray imaging of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters
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voiding cystourethrogram
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x-ray record of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding urine
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ultrasonography
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process of imaging urinary tract structures using high frequency sound waves
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radioisotope scan
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image of the kidney after injecting into the bloodstream a radioactive substance that concentrates into the kidney
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magnetic resonance (MR)
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a magnetic field and radio waves produce images of the kidney and surrounding structures in all three planes of the body
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cystoscopy
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visual examination of the urinary bladder
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dialysis
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process of seperating nitrogenous waste materials from the bloodstream when the kidneys no longer function
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lithotripsy
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urinary tract stones are crushed and either removed or pass from the body in urine
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renal angioplasty
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dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries
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renal biopsy
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removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination by a pathologist
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renal transplantation
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surgical transfer of a complete kidney froma donor to a recipient
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urinary catheterization
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passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder
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ADH
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antidiuretic hormone
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ARF
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acute renal failure
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BILI
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bilirubin
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BUN
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blood urea nitrogen
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CAPD
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continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
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Cath
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catheter, catheterization
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CCPD
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continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis
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CKD
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chronic kidney disease
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Cl-
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chloride
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CRF
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chronic renal failure
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C&S
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culture and sensitivity testing
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cysto
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cystoscopic examination
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ESRD
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end-stage renal disease
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HCO3-
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bicarbonate
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HD
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hemodialysis
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IC
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interstitial cystitis
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K+
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potassium
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KUB
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kidney, ureter, and bladder
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Na+
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sodium
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PD
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peritoneal dialysis
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pH
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symbol for degree of acidity
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PKD
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polycystic kidney disease
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PKU
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phenylketonuria
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PUL
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percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy
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RP
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retrograde pyelogram
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sp gr
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specific gravity
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UA
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urinalysis
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UTI
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urinary tract infection
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VCUG
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voiding cystourethrogram
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