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5 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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What does the term Hellenistic refer to?
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Hellenistic refers to the vibrant new culture which emerged as a result of Alexander the Great's policies, which caused Greek culture to blend with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences. Koine was a popular language spoken in Hellenistic cities, and was a direct result of the cultural blending. The word means "common" in Greek, and it was a dialect of Greek. It also connected several Hellenistic cities from different diverse backgrounds that traded with each other.
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What is Alexandria?
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An Egyptian city, founded by Alexander the Great which became the foremost center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization. It became an international community, with a mixture of customs and traditions. The population exceeded half a million people. Because of Alexandria's location, it was a center of commerce and attractions, including very complex learning institutions and magnificent structures, which were used to provide some of the greatest scientific knowledge that we have today. Some astronomers and scientists during these times even calculated/created some of the scientific information that we use to this day.
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Who was Euclid?
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Euclid was highly regarded mathematician who taught in Alexandria. His best-known book, Elements, contained 465 carefully presented geometry propositions and proofs. His works are still used as the basis for today's courses in geometry.
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Who was Archimedes?
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Another important Hellenistic scientist by the name of Archimedes of Syracuse, who studies at Alexandria who accurately estimated the value of pi-the ratio of the circumference of the circle to its diameter, and also explained the law of the lever. He was gifted in both geometry and physics, and used this to create Archimedes screw, a device used to raise water from the ground, and the compound pulley to lift heavy objects.
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What is the Colossus of Rhodes?
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Like science, sculpture flourished during the Hellenistic age. The largest known Hellenistic sculpture was located on the island of Rhodes, whereas the statue was named the Colossus of Rhodes. This bronze statue stood more than 100 feet high, and was one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, but was toppled by an earthquake in about 225 B.C, where it was then sold for scrap. Another sculpture located on the island of Rhodes was the Nike( Winged Victory) of Samothrace, which was created around 203 B.C. to commemorate an important naval battle victory. During the Hellenistic period, sculptures no longer wished to produce sculptures as they did in the classical age, but as more natural works of art, which helped them to explore new subjects. By this time, the Hellenistic world was declining, whereas a new city, Rome, was expanding and gaining strength. Through Rome, Greek arts and ways of life eventually became the core of Western civilization.
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