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277 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Consists of a fluid called lymph, vessels called lymphatic vessels that transport the lymph, a number of structures & organs containing lymphatic tissues & red bone marrow. |
Lymphatic system |
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Assists in circulating body fluids & helps defend the body against disease- causing agents. |
Lymphatic system |
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After interstitial fluid passes into lymphatic vessels. |
lymph |
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The major difference between interstitial fluid & lymph is? |
Location; interstitial fluid is found between cells, and lymph is located within lymphatic vessels & lymphatic tissue. |
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3 primary functions of the lymphatic system: |
1. Drains excess interstitial fluid. 2. Transports dietary lipids. 3. Carries out immune responses. |
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Lymphatic vessels begin as? |
Lymphatic capillaries |
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Lymphatic capillaries unite to form larger? |
Lymphatic vessels |
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clear, pale-yellow fluid |
lymph |
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as lymphatic vessels exit lymph nodes in a particular region of the body, they unite to form? |
lymph trunks |
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drains lymph from the lower limbs, the wall & viscera of the pelvis, the kidneys, the adrenal glands, & the abdominal wall. |
lumbar trunks |
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drains lymph from the stomach, intestines, pancreas, spleen, and part of the liver. |
Intestinal trunk |
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drain lymph from the thoracic wall, lung, and heart. |
bronchomediastinal trunks |
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drain the upper limbs. |
subclavian trunks |
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drains the head & neck. |
jugular trunks. |
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5 Principal trunks |
1. Lumbar trunks 2. Intestinal trunks 3. Bronchomediastinal trunks 4. subclavian trunks 5. Jugular trunks |
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Main duct for the return of lymph to blood |
Thoracic (left lymphatic) duct |
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receives lymph from the right jugular, right subclavian, & right bronchomediastinal trunks. |
Right lymphatic duct |
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Receives lymph from the upper right side of the body. |
right lymphatic duct |
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From this, lymph drains into venous blood at the junction of the right internal jugular & right subclavian veins. |
Right lymphatic duct |
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like veins, lymphatic vessels contain what, which ensure the one-way movement of lymph? |
Valves |
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the site where stem cells divide and become immunocompetent. |
Primary lymphatic organs |
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capable of mounting an immune response. |
immunocompetent |
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Pluripotent stems cells in red bone marrow give rise to mature, immunocompetent what? |
B cells & to pre-T cells. |
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The pre-T cells migrate to where to become immunocompetent T cells> |
The thymus |
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sites where most immune responses occur. |
secondary lymphatic organs |
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2 secondary lymphatic organs |
1. lymph nodes 2. spleen |
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The thymus, lymph nodes, and spleen are considered organs because each is surrounded by? |
a connective tissue capsule. |
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a bilobed organ located in the mediastinum between the sternum & aorta. |
Thymus |
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Migrate from red bone marrow to the cortex of the thymus, where they proliferate and begin to mature. |
Immature T cells |
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located along lymphatic vessels are about 600 bean shaped what? |
lymph nodes |
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The what of a lymph node is divided into a superficial cortex & a deep medulla. |
Parenchyma |
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within the inner cortex egg-shaped aggregates of B cells called? |
lymphatic nodules (follicles) |
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Does not contain lymphatic nodules |
inner cortex |
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The largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body. |
Spleen |
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Lymphatic tissue consisting mostly of lymphocytes and macrophages arranged around branches of the splenic artery. |
White pulp |
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Lymphatic tissue consisting mostly of lymphocytes and macrophages arranged around branches of the splenic artery. |
White pulp |
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Consists of blood filled venous sinuses and cords of splenic tissue called splenic cords. |
Red pulp |
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Lymphatic tissue consisting mostly of lymphocytes and macrophages arranged around branches of the splenic artery. |
White pulp |
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Consists of blood filled venous sinuses and cords of splenic tissue called splenic cords. |
Red pulp |
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Consists of red blood cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and granulocytes. |
Splenic cords. |
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Lymphatic tissue consisting mostly of lymphocytes and macrophages arranged around branches of the splenic artery. |
White pulp |
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Consists of blood filled venous sinuses and cords of splenic tissue called splenic cords. |
Red pulp |
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Consists of red blood cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and granulocytes. |
Splenic cords. |
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Within what does B cells and T cells carry out immune functions, similar to lymph nodes. |
White pulp |
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Lymphatic tissue consisting mostly of lymphocytes and macrophages arranged around branches of the splenic artery. |
White pulp |
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Consists of blood filled venous sinuses and cords of splenic tissue called splenic cords. |
Red pulp |
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Consists of red blood cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and granulocytes. |
Splenic cords. |
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Within what does B cells and T cells carry out immune functions, similar to lymph nodes. |
White pulp |
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Within the red pulp, the spleen performs three functions related to blood cells: |
1. Removal by macrophages of ruptured, worn out, or defective blood cells & platelets; 2. Storage of platelets, up to one-third of the body's supply; 3. production of blood cells (hemopoiesis) during fetal life. |
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egg-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue that are not surrounded by a capsule. |
Lymphatic nodules (follicles) |
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Discourage microbial growth: interferons, complement, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins. |
antimicrobial substances |
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Lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses produce proteins called? |
interferons |
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Lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses produce proteins called? |
interferons |
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5-10% of lympocytes in the blood are? |
Natural killer (NK) cells |
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What have the ability to kill a wide variety of infected body cells and certain tumor cells? |
Natural killer cells. |
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what are specialized cells that perform phagocytosis, the ingestion of microbes or other particles such as cellular debris. |
Phagocytes |
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what are specialized cells that perform phagocytosis, the ingestion of microbes or other particles such as cellular debris. |
Phagocytes |
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2 Major types of phagocytes: |
1. neutrophils 2. macrophages |
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what are specialized cells that perform phagocytosis, the ingestion of microbes or other particles such as cellular debris. |
Phagocytes |
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2 Major types of phagocytes: |
1. neutrophils 2. macrophages |
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Monocytes enlarge and develop into actively phaocytic macrophages called? |
wandering macrophages |
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what are specialized cells that perform phagocytosis, the ingestion of microbes or other particles such as cellular debris. |
Phagocytes |
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2 Major types of phagocytes: |
1. neutrophils 2. macrophages |
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Monocytes enlarge and develop into actively phaocytic macrophages called? |
wandering macrophages |
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Stand guard in specific tissues |
fixed macrophages |
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what are specialized cells that perform phagocytosis, the ingestion of microbes or other particles such as cellular debris. |
Phagocytes |
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2 Major types of phagocytes: |
1. neutrophils 2. macrophages |
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Monocytes enlarge and develop into actively phaocytic macrophages called? |
wandering macrophages |
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Stand guard in specific tissues |
fixed macrophages |
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Phagocytosis occurs in 5 phases: |
1. Chemotaxis 2. Adherence 3. Ingestion 4. Digestion 5. Killing. |
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what are specialized cells that perform phagocytosis, the ingestion of microbes or other particles such as cellular debris. |
Phagocytes |
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2 Major types of phagocytes: |
1. neutrophils 2. macrophages |
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Monocytes enlarge and develop into actively phaocytic macrophages called? |
wandering macrophages |
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Stand guard in specific tissues |
fixed macrophages |
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Phagocytosis occurs in 5 phases: |
1. Chemotaxis 2. Adherence 3. Ingestion 4. Digestion 5. Killing. |
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Nonspecific, defensive response of the body to tissue damage. |
Inflammation |
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what are specialized cells that perform phagocytosis, the ingestion of microbes or other particles such as cellular debris. |
Phagocytes |
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2 Major types of phagocytes: |
1. neutrophils 2. macrophages |
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|
Monocytes enlarge and develop into actively phaocytic macrophages called? |
wandering macrophages |
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Stand guard in specific tissues |
fixed macrophages |
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Phagocytosis occurs in 5 phases: |
1. Chemotaxis 2. Adherence 3. Ingestion 4. Digestion 5. Killing. |
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Nonspecific, defensive response of the body to tissue damage. |
Inflammation |
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Inflammatory response has 3 basic stages: |
1. Vasodilation & increased permeability of blood vessels. 2. Emigration (movement) of phagocytes from the blood into interstitial fluid. 3. tissue repair |
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|
what are specialized cells that perform phagocytosis, the ingestion of microbes or other particles such as cellular debris. |
Phagocytes |
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|
2 Major types of phagocytes: |
1. neutrophils 2. macrophages |
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|
Monocytes enlarge and develop into actively phaocytic macrophages called? |
wandering macrophages |
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|
Stand guard in specific tissues |
fixed macrophages |
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Phagocytosis occurs in 5 phases: |
1. Chemotaxis 2. Adherence 3. Ingestion 4. Digestion 5. Killing. |
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Nonspecific, defensive response of the body to tissue damage. |
Inflammation |
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Inflammatory response has 3 basic stages: |
1. Vasodilation & increased permeability of blood vessels. 2. Emigration (movement) of phagocytes from the blood into interstitial fluid. 3. tissue repair |
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Occurs during infection & inflammation. |
Fever |
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what are specialized cells that perform phagocytosis, the ingestion of microbes or other particles such as cellular debris. |
Phagocytes |
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|
2 Major types of phagocytes: |
1. neutrophils 2. macrophages |
|
|
Monocytes enlarge and develop into actively phaocytic macrophages called? |
wandering macrophages |
|
|
Stand guard in specific tissues |
fixed macrophages |
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|
Phagocytosis occurs in 5 phases: |
1. Chemotaxis 2. Adherence 3. Ingestion 4. Digestion 5. Killing. |
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|
Nonspecific, defensive response of the body to tissue damage. |
Inflammation |
|
|
Inflammatory response has 3 basic stages: |
1. Vasodilation & increased permeability of blood vessels. 2. Emigration (movement) of phagocytes from the blood into interstitial fluid. 3. tissue repair |
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Occurs during infection & inflammation. |
Fever |
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Elevated body temperature intensifies the effects of what, inhibits the growth of some microbes, & speeds up body reactions that aid repair. |
interferons |
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|
what are specialized cells that perform phagocytosis, the ingestion of microbes or other particles such as cellular debris. |
Phagocytes |
|
|
2 Major types of phagocytes: |
1. neutrophils 2. macrophages |
|
|
Monocytes enlarge and develop into actively phaocytic macrophages called? |
wandering macrophages |
|
|
Stand guard in specific tissues |
fixed macrophages |
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|
Phagocytosis occurs in 5 phases: |
1. Chemotaxis 2. Adherence 3. Ingestion 4. Digestion 5. Killing. |
|
|
Nonspecific, defensive response of the body to tissue damage. |
Inflammation |
|
|
Inflammatory response has 3 basic stages: |
1. Vasodilation & increased permeability of blood vessels. 2. Emigration (movement) of phagocytes from the blood into interstitial fluid. 3. tissue repair |
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Occurs during infection & inflammation. |
Fever |
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Elevated body temperature intensifies the effects of what, inhibits the growth of some microbes, & speeds up body reactions that aid repair. |
interferons |
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The ability of the body to defend itself against specific invading agents such a bacteria, toxins, viruses, & foreign tissues called? |
Adaptive (specific) immunity |
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what are specialized cells that perform phagocytosis, the ingestion of microbes or other particles such as cellular debris. |
Phagocytes |
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Substances that are recognized as foreign and provoke immune responses called? |
antigens (antibody generators) |
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2 Major types of phagocytes: |
1. neutrophils 2. macrophages |
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|
Monocytes enlarge and develop into actively phaocytic macrophages called? |
wandering macrophages |
|
|
Stand guard in specific tissues |
fixed macrophages |
|
|
Phagocytosis occurs in 5 phases: |
1. Chemotaxis 2. Adherence 3. Ingestion 4. Digestion 5. Killing. |
|
|
Nonspecific, defensive response of the body to tissue damage. |
Inflammation |
|
|
Inflammatory response has 3 basic stages: |
1. Vasodilation & increased permeability of blood vessels. 2. Emigration (movement) of phagocytes from the blood into interstitial fluid. 3. tissue repair |
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Occurs during infection & inflammation. |
Fever |
|
|
Elevated body temperature intensifies the effects of what, inhibits the growth of some microbes, & speeds up body reactions that aid repair. |
interferons |
|
|
The ability of the body to defend itself against specific invading agents such a bacteria, toxins, viruses, & foreign tissues called? |
Adaptive (specific) immunity |
|
|
what are specialized cells that perform phagocytosis, the ingestion of microbes or other particles such as cellular debris. |
Phagocytes |
|
|
Substances that are recognized as foreign and provoke immune responses called? |
antigens (antibody generators) |
|
|
2 properties distinguish adaptive immunity from innate immunity: |
1. Specificity 2. Memory |
|
|
2 Major types of phagocytes: |
1. neutrophils 2. macrophages |
|
|
Monocytes enlarge and develop into actively phaocytic macrophages called? |
wandering macrophages |
|
|
Stand guard in specific tissues |
fixed macrophages |
|
|
Phagocytosis occurs in 5 phases: |
1. Chemotaxis 2. Adherence 3. Ingestion 4. Digestion 5. Killing. |
|
|
Nonspecific, defensive response of the body to tissue damage. |
Inflammation |
|
|
Inflammatory response has 3 basic stages: |
1. Vasodilation & increased permeability of blood vessels. 2. Emigration (movement) of phagocytes from the blood into interstitial fluid. 3. tissue repair |
|
|
Occurs during infection & inflammation. |
Fever |
|
|
Elevated body temperature intensifies the effects of what, inhibits the growth of some microbes, & speeds up body reactions that aid repair. |
interferons |
|
|
The ability of the body to defend itself against specific invading agents such a bacteria, toxins, viruses, & foreign tissues called? |
Adaptive (specific) immunity |
|
|
what are specialized cells that perform phagocytosis, the ingestion of microbes or other particles such as cellular debris. |
Phagocytes |
|
|
Substances that are recognized as foreign and provoke immune responses called? |
antigens (antibody generators) |
|
|
2 properties distinguish adaptive immunity from innate immunity: |
1. Specificity 2. Memory |
|
|
Adaptive immunity involves lymphocytes called? |
B cells and T cells |
|
|
2 Major types of phagocytes: |
1. neutrophils 2. macrophages |
|
|
Monocytes enlarge and develop into actively phaocytic macrophages called? |
wandering macrophages |
|
|
Stand guard in specific tissues |
fixed macrophages |
|
|
Phagocytosis occurs in 5 phases: |
1. Chemotaxis 2. Adherence 3. Ingestion 4. Digestion 5. Killing. |
|
|
Nonspecific, defensive response of the body to tissue damage. |
Inflammation |
|
|
Inflammatory response has 3 basic stages: |
1. Vasodilation & increased permeability of blood vessels. 2. Emigration (movement) of phagocytes from the blood into interstitial fluid. 3. tissue repair |
|
|
Occurs during infection & inflammation. |
Fever |
|
|
Elevated body temperature intensifies the effects of what, inhibits the growth of some microbes, & speeds up body reactions that aid repair. |
interferons |
|
|
The ability of the body to defend itself against specific invading agents such a bacteria, toxins, viruses, & foreign tissues called? |
Adaptive (specific) immunity |
|
|
what are specialized cells that perform phagocytosis, the ingestion of microbes or other particles such as cellular debris. |
Phagocytes |
|
|
Substances that are recognized as foreign and provoke immune responses called? |
antigens (antibody generators) |
|
|
2 properties distinguish adaptive immunity from innate immunity: |
1. Specificity 2. Memory |
|
|
Adaptive immunity involves lymphocytes called? |
B cells and T cells |
|
|
Complete their development in red bone marrow, a process that continues throughout life. |
B cells |
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|
2 Major types of phagocytes: |
1. neutrophils 2. macrophages |
|
|
Monocytes enlarge and develop into actively phaocytic macrophages called? |
wandering macrophages |
|
|
Stand guard in specific tissues |
fixed macrophages |
|
|
Phagocytosis occurs in 5 phases: |
1. Chemotaxis 2. Adherence 3. Ingestion 4. Digestion 5. Killing. |
|
|
Nonspecific, defensive response of the body to tissue damage. |
Inflammation |
|
|
Inflammatory response has 3 basic stages: |
1. Vasodilation & increased permeability of blood vessels. 2. Emigration (movement) of phagocytes from the blood into interstitial fluid. 3. tissue repair |
|
|
Occurs during infection & inflammation. |
Fever |
|
|
Elevated body temperature intensifies the effects of what, inhibits the growth of some microbes, & speeds up body reactions that aid repair. |
interferons |
|
|
The ability of the body to defend itself against specific invading agents such a bacteria, toxins, viruses, & foreign tissues called? |
Adaptive (specific) immunity |
|
|
what are specialized cells that perform phagocytosis, the ingestion of microbes or other particles such as cellular debris. |
Phagocytes |
|
|
Substances that are recognized as foreign and provoke immune responses called? |
antigens (antibody generators) |
|
|
2 properties distinguish adaptive immunity from innate immunity: |
1. Specificity 2. Memory |
|
|
Adaptive immunity involves lymphocytes called? |
B cells and T cells |
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Complete their development in red bone marrow, a process that continues throughout life. |
B cells |
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Develop from pre-T cels that migrate from red bone marrow into the thymus, where they mature. |
T cells |
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B cells transform into plasm cells, which synthesize and secret specific proteins called? |
antibodies |
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|
2 Major types of phagocytes: |
1. neutrophils 2. macrophages |
|
|
Monocytes enlarge and develop into actively phaocytic macrophages called? |
wandering macrophages |
|
|
Stand guard in specific tissues |
fixed macrophages |
|
|
Phagocytosis occurs in 5 phases: |
1. Chemotaxis 2. Adherence 3. Ingestion 4. Digestion 5. Killing. |
|
|
Nonspecific, defensive response of the body to tissue damage. |
Inflammation |
|
|
Inflammatory response has 3 basic stages: |
1. Vasodilation & increased permeability of blood vessels. 2. Emigration (movement) of phagocytes from the blood into interstitial fluid. 3. tissue repair |
|
|
Occurs during infection & inflammation. |
Fever |
|
|
Elevated body temperature intensifies the effects of what, inhibits the growth of some microbes, & speeds up body reactions that aid repair. |
interferons |
|
|
The ability of the body to defend itself against specific invading agents such a bacteria, toxins, viruses, & foreign tissues called? |
Adaptive (specific) immunity |
|
|
what are specialized cells that perform phagocytosis, the ingestion of microbes or other particles such as cellular debris. |
Phagocytes |
|
|
Substances that are recognized as foreign and provoke immune responses called? |
antigens (antibody generators) |
|
|
2 properties distinguish adaptive immunity from innate immunity: |
1. Specificity 2. Memory |
|
|
Adaptive immunity involves lymphocytes called? |
B cells and T cells |
|
|
Complete their development in red bone marrow, a process that continues throughout life. |
B cells |
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Develop from pre-T cels that migrate from red bone marrow into the thymus, where they mature. |
T cells |
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|
B cells transform into plasm cells, which synthesize and secret specific proteins called? |
antibodies |
|
|
the ability to provoke an immune response by stimulating the production of specific antibodies, the proliferation of specific T cells, or both. |
Immunogenicity |
|
|
2 Major types of phagocytes: |
1. neutrophils 2. macrophages |
|
|
Monocytes enlarge and develop into actively phaocytic macrophages called? |
wandering macrophages |
|
|
Stand guard in specific tissues |
fixed macrophages |
|
|
Phagocytosis occurs in 5 phases: |
1. Chemotaxis 2. Adherence 3. Ingestion 4. Digestion 5. Killing. |
|
|
Nonspecific, defensive response of the body to tissue damage. |
Inflammation |
|
|
Inflammatory response has 3 basic stages: |
1. Vasodilation & increased permeability of blood vessels. 2. Emigration (movement) of phagocytes from the blood into interstitial fluid. 3. tissue repair |
|
|
Occurs during infection & inflammation. |
Fever |
|
|
Elevated body temperature intensifies the effects of what, inhibits the growth of some microbes, & speeds up body reactions that aid repair. |
interferons |
|
|
The ability of the body to defend itself against specific invading agents such a bacteria, toxins, viruses, & foreign tissues called? |
Adaptive (specific) immunity |
|
|
what are specialized cells that perform phagocytosis, the ingestion of microbes or other particles such as cellular debris. |
Phagocytes |
|
|
Substances that are recognized as foreign and provoke immune responses called? |
antigens (antibody generators) |
|
|
2 properties distinguish adaptive immunity from innate immunity: |
1. Specificity 2. Memory |
|
|
Adaptive immunity involves lymphocytes called? |
B cells and T cells |
|
|
Complete their development in red bone marrow, a process that continues throughout life. |
B cells |
|
|
Develop from pre-T cels that migrate from red bone marrow into the thymus, where they mature. |
T cells |
|
|
B cells transform into plasm cells, which synthesize and secret specific proteins called? |
antibodies |
|
|
the ability to provoke an immune response by stimulating the production of specific antibodies, the proliferation of specific T cells, or both. |
Immunogenicity |
|
|
The ability of the antigen to react specifically with the antibodies or cells it provoked. |
Reactivity |
|
|
2 Major types of phagocytes: |
1. neutrophils 2. macrophages |
|
|
Monocytes enlarge and develop into actively phaocytic macrophages called? |
wandering macrophages |
|
|
Stand guard in specific tissues |
fixed macrophages |
|
|
Phagocytosis occurs in 5 phases: |
1. Chemotaxis 2. Adherence 3. Ingestion 4. Digestion 5. Killing. |
|
|
Nonspecific, defensive response of the body to tissue damage. |
Inflammation |
|
|
Inflammatory response has 3 basic stages: |
1. Vasodilation & increased permeability of blood vessels. 2. Emigration (movement) of phagocytes from the blood into interstitial fluid. 3. tissue repair |
|
|
Occurs during infection & inflammation. |
Fever |
|
|
Elevated body temperature intensifies the effects of what, inhibits the growth of some microbes, & speeds up body reactions that aid repair. |
interferons |
|
|
The ability of the body to defend itself against specific invading agents such a bacteria, toxins, viruses, & foreign tissues called? |
Adaptive (specific) immunity |
|
|
what are specialized cells that perform phagocytosis, the ingestion of microbes or other particles such as cellular debris. |
Phagocytes |
|
|
Substances that are recognized as foreign and provoke immune responses called? |
antigens (antibody generators) |
|
|
2 properties distinguish adaptive immunity from innate immunity: |
1. Specificity 2. Memory |
|
|
Adaptive immunity involves lymphocytes called? |
B cells and T cells |
|
|
Complete their development in red bone marrow, a process that continues throughout life. |
B cells |
|
|
Develop from pre-T cels that migrate from red bone marrow into the thymus, where they mature. |
T cells |
|
|
B cells transform into plasm cells, which synthesize and secret specific proteins called? |
antibodies |
|
|
the ability to provoke an immune response by stimulating the production of specific antibodies, the proliferation of specific T cells, or both. |
Immunogenicity |
|
|
The ability of the antigen to react specifically with the antibodies or cells it provoked. |
Reactivity |
|
|
Foreign antigens tat are present in fluids outside body cells are termed? |
exogenous antigens |
|
|
2 Major types of phagocytes: |
1. neutrophils 2. macrophages |
|
|
Monocytes enlarge and develop into actively phaocytic macrophages called? |
wandering macrophages |
|
|
Stand guard in specific tissues |
fixed macrophages |
|
|
Phagocytosis occurs in 5 phases: |
1. Chemotaxis 2. Adherence 3. Ingestion 4. Digestion 5. Killing. |
|
|
Nonspecific, defensive response of the body to tissue damage. |
Inflammation |
|
|
Inflammatory response has 3 basic stages: |
1. Vasodilation & increased permeability of blood vessels. 2. Emigration (movement) of phagocytes from the blood into interstitial fluid. 3. tissue repair |
|
|
Occurs during infection & inflammation. |
Fever |
|
|
Elevated body temperature intensifies the effects of what, inhibits the growth of some microbes, & speeds up body reactions that aid repair. |
interferons |
|
|
The ability of the body to defend itself against specific invading agents such a bacteria, toxins, viruses, & foreign tissues called? |
Adaptive (specific) immunity |
|
|
what are specialized cells that perform phagocytosis, the ingestion of microbes or other particles such as cellular debris. |
Phagocytes |
|
|
Substances that are recognized as foreign and provoke immune responses called? |
antigens (antibody generators) |
|
|
2 properties distinguish adaptive immunity from innate immunity: |
1. Specificity 2. Memory |
|
|
Adaptive immunity involves lymphocytes called? |
B cells and T cells |
|
|
Complete their development in red bone marrow, a process that continues throughout life. |
B cells |
|
|
Develop from pre-T cels that migrate from red bone marrow into the thymus, where they mature. |
T cells |
|
|
B cells transform into plasm cells, which synthesize and secret specific proteins called? |
antibodies |
|
|
the ability to provoke an immune response by stimulating the production of specific antibodies, the proliferation of specific T cells, or both. |
Immunogenicity |
|
|
The ability of the antigen to react specifically with the antibodies or cells it provoked. |
Reactivity |
|
|
Foreign antigens tat are present in fluids outside body cells are termed? |
exogenous antigens |
|
|
3 types of antigen-presenting cells: |
1. dendrite cells 2. macrophages 3. B cells |
|
|
2 Major types of phagocytes: |
1. neutrophils 2. macrophages |
|
|
Monocytes enlarge and develop into actively phaocytic macrophages called? |
wandering macrophages |
|
|
Stand guard in specific tissues |
fixed macrophages |
|
|
Phagocytosis occurs in 5 phases: |
1. Chemotaxis 2. Adherence 3. Ingestion 4. Digestion 5. Killing. |
|
|
Nonspecific, defensive response of the body to tissue damage. |
Inflammation |
|
|
Inflammatory response has 3 basic stages: |
1. Vasodilation & increased permeability of blood vessels. 2. Emigration (movement) of phagocytes from the blood into interstitial fluid. 3. tissue repair |
|
|
Occurs during infection & inflammation. |
Fever |
|
|
Elevated body temperature intensifies the effects of what, inhibits the growth of some microbes, & speeds up body reactions that aid repair. |
interferons |
|
|
The ability of the body to defend itself against specific invading agents such a bacteria, toxins, viruses, & foreign tissues called? |
Adaptive (specific) immunity |
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what are specialized cells that perform phagocytosis, the ingestion of microbes or other particles such as cellular debris. |
Phagocytes |
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Substances that are recognized as foreign and provoke immune responses called? |
antigens (antibody generators) |
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2 properties distinguish adaptive immunity from innate immunity: |
1. Specificity 2. Memory |
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Adaptive immunity involves lymphocytes called? |
B cells and T cells |
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Complete their development in red bone marrow, a process that continues throughout life. |
B cells |
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Develop from pre-T cels that migrate from red bone marrow into the thymus, where they mature. |
T cells |
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B cells transform into plasm cells, which synthesize and secret specific proteins called? |
antibodies |
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the ability to provoke an immune response by stimulating the production of specific antibodies, the proliferation of specific T cells, or both. |
Immunogenicity |
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The ability of the antigen to react specifically with the antibodies or cells it provoked. |
Reactivity |
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Foreign antigens tat are present in fluids outside body cells are termed? |
exogenous antigens |
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3 types of antigen-presenting cells: |
1. dendrite cells 2. macrophages 3. B cells |
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2 Major types of phagocytes: |
1. neutrophils 2. macrophages |
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Foreign antigens that are present inside body cells are termed? |
endogenous antigens |
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Monocytes enlarge and develop into actively phaocytic macrophages called? |
wandering macrophages |
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Stand guard in specific tissues |
fixed macrophages |
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Phagocytosis occurs in 5 phases: |
1. Chemotaxis 2. Adherence 3. Ingestion 4. Digestion 5. Killing. |
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Nonspecific, defensive response of the body to tissue damage. |
Inflammation |
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Inflammatory response has 3 basic stages: |
1. Vasodilation & increased permeability of blood vessels. 2. Emigration (movement) of phagocytes from the blood into interstitial fluid. 3. tissue repair |
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Occurs during infection & inflammation. |
Fever |
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Elevated body temperature intensifies the effects of what, inhibits the growth of some microbes, & speeds up body reactions that aid repair. |
interferons |
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The ability of the body to defend itself against specific invading agents such a bacteria, toxins, viruses, & foreign tissues called? |
Adaptive (specific) immunity |
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T cell becomes activated only if it binds to the foreign antigen and at the same time receives a second signal, a process called? |
costimulation |
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T cell becomes activated only if it binds to the foreign antigen and at the same time receives a second signal, a process called? |
costimulation |
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inserts into the plasma membrane of the target cell and creates channels in the membrane. |
Perforin |
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T cell becomes activated only if it binds to the foreign antigen and at the same time receives a second signal, a process called? |
costimulation |
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inserts into the plasma membrane of the target cell and creates channels in the membrane. |
Perforin |
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Cytotoxic T cells may also destroy target cells by releasing a toxic molecule called? |
Lymphotoxin |
