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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Emergency Situations
First aid- _____ aide to accident victim or someone suddenly ill. Goal to minimize the effects of illness or injury until person can be seen by physician Good Samaritan Act- protects individuals from liability when they provide aid Golden rule- Do no ____ Rescuer Victim |
emergency
harm |
|
Emergency Situations
First aid- _____ aide to accident victim or someone suddenly ill Good Samaritan Act- protects individuals from liability when they provide aid Golden rule- Do no ____ Rescuer Victim |
emergency
harm |
|
Steps in an Emergency
Assess environment- Is it safe to approach? Should you call for help immed? If victim conscious, tell them you will call for help. Obtain _____ to treat. This is mandatory if victim is conscious. If victim is a child, determine if parent or guardian is present. If victim unconscious, consent is ++++++If tx refused, this must be respected. However, if obvious care req, call EMS. Try to determine what happened. Do not assume. Ask victim. Many people have medic alert. Also, are there other victims? Follow standard precautions. Carry disposable gloves and barrier device for mouth to mouth.First Aid Kit Enlist help of bystanders to call for help, reroute traffic, deal with onlookers. Never move victim. Only exception if victim life in danger.Support injured extremities. Move back as unit. Stay calm. If more than you can handle, call EMS immed. |
consent
implied |
|
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
CPR- performed when the victim is not breathing and has no ++++. Includes rescue breathing and chest compressions to stimulate cardiac blood flow. Rescue breathing- a technique for which the rescuer breathes for the victim. Done when victim is not _____ Obstructed airway Advanced cardiac life support _____- for adult care. Includes CPR, but main focus interpretation of cardiac rhythms and determination of the medication to administer. Pediatric advanced life support (PALS)= child careIncludes CPR, but main focus interpretation of cardiac rhythms and determination of the medication to administer. |
pulse
breathing ACLS |
|
First Aid
Always observe _____precautions Carry gloves Use barrier CPR First priority in emergency If CPR not needed, assess for other problems |
standard
|
|
Allergic Reactions
Mild and moderate reactions triggered by skin contact, ingestion, inhalation, or injection. Severe reaction- occurs upon development of allergy Anaphylactic shock- respiratory system swells to the point it is prevented from entering the lungs.Death will follow if not treated immediately _____ and stings- Localized reaction. Redness, pain, and swelling. Allergic reaction may occur. do not forcibly remove a tick. Call EMS if poisonous. Treat allergic reaction if one exists. Stay with victim at least an hour. Clean the area. Remove confining clothes or jewlery. Cold compress. Victim should observe for infection, redness, swell etc. |
bites
|
|
Bleeding and Wounds
Hemorrhage- _____ bleeding. Bleeding occurs when blood vessel is +++++ Arterial bleeding is brighter red and comes out in spurts with each heartbeat. Must be ____ asap. Venous bleeding flows evenly and results in a great deal of blood loss. Follow standard precautions for wound victims and bleeding. Do not use tourniquet in emergency ____ |
heavy
damaged care stopped |
|
Bleeding and Wounds
External bleeding- drains to outside of the body thru the skin Internal bleeding- ++++ the body Wounds- damage to soft tissue thru violence or +++++ Sucking wounds- bubbling from any wound of the neck or +++. Caused by air passing thru a wound of the respiratory system. Difficulty breathing because air is escaping as they breathe. Airtight dressing. Amputations- After approp first aid, try to locate the severed part. Rinse and wrap in moist cloth in plastic container or bag. Could also place in ice and water. It might be able to be reattached.Lowering the temp of the body part might extend the time for reattachment. |
inside
trauma chest |
|
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries
Fractures and joint dislocations- Joint dislocations are dislocated from their sockets. Open fracture- the broken bone ____ from the skin. Closed fracture- a ___ bone that does not break the skin. Joint dislocation- when bone becomes +++++ from socket. Muscle strain- result from sudden tearing of muscle fibers during exertion. Sprainp torn ligament fibers that result in loosening of a joint. |
protrudes
broken dislocated |
|
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries
Fractures and joint dislocations- Joint dislocations are dislocated from their sockets. Open fracture- the broken bone ____ from the skin. Closed fracture- a ___ bone that does not break the skin. Joint dislocation- bone becomes ++++ from socket Muscle strain- result from sudden tearing of muscle fibers during exertion. Sprainp torn ligament fibers that result in loosening of a joint. |
protrudes
broken dislocated |
|
Applying ++++ pressure helps stop bleeding
Tourniquet should not be used Changing dressings increases bleeding Should only be reinforced as needed Not changed |
direct
|
|
Applying ++++ pressure helps stop bleeding
Tourniquet should not be used Changing dressings increases bleeding Should only be reinforced as needed Not changed |
direct
|
|
Facial Injuries
Eye injuries- can result in loss of ____ Ear injuries- can result in loss of hearing Nose injuries- most nose bleeds stop on their own. |
vision
|
|
Burns
Heat- Flames, hot liquids, or +++. Extinguish the fire and move victim to well-ventilated area. Radiation, such as sunburn. Move the victim, cool the burn, apply dressing. Prevent chilling. Chemicals- household and environmental products. Prevent contact with chemical. Move victim, flush burn away from body, Electrical current- cords, lines, or lightening. Do not touch victim, do not cool the burn, apply clean dry dressing, Prevent chilling and do not move victim. First degree- Superficial Second degree- Partial _____ Third degree- Full thickness |
grease
thickness |
|
Facial Injuries
Eye injuries- can result in loss of ____ Ear injuries- can result in loss of hearing Nose injuries- most nose bleeds stop on their own. |
vision
|
|
Burns
Heat- Flames, hot liquids, or +++. Extinguish the fire and move victim to well-ventilated area. Radiation, such as sunburn. Move the victim, cool the burn, apply dressing. Prevent chilling. Chemicals- household and environmental products. Prevent contact with chemical. Move victim, flush burn away from body, Electrical current- cords, lines, or lightening. Do not touch victim, do not cool the burn, apply clean dry dressing, Prevent chilling and do not move victim. Steps Stop burning Cool burned area Cover burned area TREAT: Stop burning, Cool burned area, and Cover burned area |
grease
|
|
Drug-Related Problems
Misuse or overuse of any drug Drug overdose- There may be behavioral changes like hallucinations, overexcitation, and agitation. Difficulty ____, drowsiness, tremors, Size of the pupil smaller. Nausea, vomiting, seizures, and unconsciousness. Withdrawal from addictive drugsp behavioral changes (depression, anxiety, restlessness, hallucinations, agitation). Nausea and vomiting. Seizures. Drug-seeking behav a focus. |
breathing
|
|
Poisonings
Ingestion- swallowing. GI symptoms: nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, abodominal ___, or loss of appetite. The skin may be pale and the vicitim feel dizzy, weak, irritable or drowsy. Pain while swallowing or burn around mouth. Seizures of loss of consciousness. Inhalation- Breathing. Similar to signs and symptoms for ++++ |
pain
ingestion |
|
Drug-Related Problems
Misuse or overuse of any drug Drug overdose- There may be behavioral changes like hallucinations, overexcitation, and agitation. Difficulty ____, drowsiness, tremors, Size of the pupil smaller. Nausea, vomiting, seizures, and unconsciousness. Withdrawal from addictive drugsp behavioral changes (depression, anxiety, restlessness, hallucinations, agitation). Nausea and vomiting. Seizures. Drug-seeking behav a focus. |
breathing
|
|
Drug-Related Problems
Misuse or overuse of any drug Drug overdose- There may be behavioral changes like hallucinations, overexcitation, and agitation. Difficulty ____, drowsiness, tremors, Size of the pupil smaller. Nausea, vomiting, seizures, and unconsciousness. Withdrawal from addictive drugsp behavioral changes (depression, anxiety, restlessness, hallucinations, agitation). Nausea and vomiting. Seizures. Drug-seeking behav a focus. |
breathing
|
|
Drug-Related Problems
Misuse or overuse of any drug Drug overdose- There may be behavioral changes like hallucinations, overexcitation, and agitation. Difficulty ____, drowsiness, tremors, Size of the pupil smaller. Nausea, vomiting, seizures, and unconsciousness. Withdrawal from addictive drugsp behavioral changes (depression, anxiety, restlessness, hallucinations, agitation). Nausea and vomiting. Seizures. Drug-seeking behav a focus. |
breathing
|
|
Drug-Related Problems
Misuse or overuse of any drug Drug overdose- There may be behavioral changes like hallucinations, overexcitation, and agitation. Difficulty ____, drowsiness, tremors, Size of the pupil smaller. Nausea, vomiting, seizures, and unconsciousness. Withdrawal from addictive drugsp behavioral changes (depression, anxiety, restlessness, hallucinations, agitation). Nausea and vomiting. Seizures. Drug-seeking behav a focus. |
breathing
|
|
Poisonings
Ingestion- swallowing. GI symptoms: nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, abodominal ___, or loss of appetite. The skin may be pale and the vicitim feel dizzy, weak, irritable or drowsy. Pain while swallowing or burn around mouth. Seizures of loss of consciousness. Inhalation- Breathing. Similar to signs and symptoms for ++++ |
pain
ingestion |
|
Poisonings
Ingestion- swallowing. GI symptoms: nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, abodominal ___, or loss of appetite. The skin may be pale and the vicitim feel dizzy, weak, irritable or drowsy. Pain while swallowing or burn around mouth. Seizures of loss of consciousness. Inhalation- Breathing. Similar to signs and symptoms for ++++ |
pain
ingestion |
|
Poisonings
Ingestion- swallowing. GI symptoms: nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, abodominal ___, or loss of appetite. The skin may be pale and the vicitim feel dizzy, weak, irritable or drowsy. Pain while swallowing or burn around mouth. Seizures of loss of consciousness. Inhalation- Breathing. Similar to signs and symptoms for ++++ |
pain
ingestion |
|
Poisonings
Ingestion- swallowing. GI symptoms: nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, abodominal ___, or loss of appetite. The skin may be pale and the vicitim feel dizzy, weak, irritable or drowsy. Pain while swallowing or burn around mouth. Seizures of loss of consciousness. Inhalation- Breathing. Similar to signs and symptoms for ++++ |
pain
ingestion |
|
Temp Related Injuries
Frostbite- Skin begins to ++++ in cold weather. On extremities or exposed areas. If the body temp drop below normal= hypothermia. Treat hypothermia before frostbite. If respirations below 6 per min, rescue breathing, Warm packs. Warm, sweet fluids. Can occur inside or out. Do not thaw out area. Remove constrict clothes. Place in warm water or apply warm cloth. Sterile dry dressing, esp betwn frostbit fingers. Newborns and elderly susceptible. ____ body temp inc above normal. Loss of fluids and salt.Elderly newborns, unhealthy, obesity, excessive exercise, and injestion of alcohol. Heat Cramps- muscle cramps in the abdomen and legs. Lightheaded and weak. Heat exhaustion worse, skin pale or red. Headache. Thirst, weakness, dizziness. Pupils dilated. Irrational behav.No fluids with alcohol or caffeine. No salt tablets or aspirin. Move victim to shade and cool, and fan them. Cool water, cold towels. No alcohol rub. Heat Stroke- Confusion, weakness, seizures. Breathing rapid and shallow. Constricted pupils. May be unconscious. NO liquids with heat stroke. If EMS not immed there, immerse cold water. EMS will start IV. |
freeze
hyperthermia |
|
Heat stroke and ingested poison victims should not be given ____
|
fluids
|
|
Other Conditions
Breathing difficulty- Many sudden illnesses and injuries. Shortness of breath, coughing, audible sounds, exaggerated use of chest muscles. Mouth or fingertips may be pale or +++++.l No pillow.Loosen constrictive clothing. Ask pt if take mediction for +++++ and call EMS. Hyperventilation- rapid breathing that causes CO2 level in blood to fall too low. Most common cause +++++, but may also be illness, injury, or certain meds.Breathe into paper bag or hold one nostril closed. Or have them cup ____ over breathing.Returns CO2 level to normal. Chest pain (angina)- pain associated with a lack of O2 getting to heart muscle. Damage to heart muscle from a lack of O2 is a heart attack. Dull or crushing pain that may radiate to shoulder, arm, or jaw. Angina felt in females in jaw, upper arms, and back. Difficulty breathing and palpitations, sweating. Call EMS. Stop activity, take meds if available, nothing to eat or drink, loosen constricted clothing, rescue breathing if stop breathing. CPR if heart stops. Diabetes- Lack of adequate blood insulin production results in elevated blood sugar. If victim knows blood sugar too low, assist with shot. Hyperglycemia develops gradually and refers to excessive thirst, _____, and urination.Vomiting, flushed skin, rapid breathing, and a fruity smell to breath. Confusion if not treated, diabetic coma. Get MD. If pt conscious, give unsweetened fruit liquids. Hypoglycemia develops more rapidly and refers to sweating, hunger, confusion, pale skin, and poor concentration. Insulin reaction and may lead to coma and death. Fruit sweet liquids, later protein. When in doubt,give sweet. Fainting (syncope)- brief period of unconsciousness that comes on from low blood sugar, standing too long, low BP, Sometimes dizziness weakness, naseua, and blurred vision but not always. Loss of consciousness after head injury not syncope but concussion. Assit to floor, place on back and elevate the legs. No pillow. Loosen clothing. Do not throw water, shake, or slap. If vomitting occurs, turn head to side. Call EMS if not conscious in 5 minutes. Fever (hyperthermia)- rise in temp due to infection. Remove excess clothing, damp cloth to cool, Call MD, Persist fever over 24 hours need to be evaluated. Call EMS if diff breathing or unsual skin color. |
bluish
breathing anxiety hands hunger |
|
Bandaging
Sling- used to support and injured shoulder, collarbone, or ____. If arm broken, apply splint first. Can be made from large, triangular cloth. Top corner over pt noninjured side. Tie sling around neck. check for ____ Spiral wrap- arms, legs, and trunk of body. Figure-eight wrap- bandages a joint such as ankle, elbow, or ___ Bandage to finger- Can be made from thin strip of gauze or cloth. Monitor for dec in circulation. |
arm
circulaton wrist |