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30 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Emergency Situations
First aid- _____ aide to accident victim or someone suddenly ill. Goal to minimize the effects of illness or injury until person can be seen by physician
Good Samaritan Act- protects individuals from liability when they provide aid
Golden rule- Do no ____
Rescuer
Victim
emergency
harm
Emergency Situations
First aid- _____ aide to accident victim or someone suddenly ill
Good Samaritan Act- protects individuals from liability when they provide aid
Golden rule- Do no ____
Rescuer
Victim
emergency
harm
Steps in an Emergency
Assess environment- Is it safe to approach? Should you call for help immed? If victim conscious, tell them you will call for help.
Obtain _____ to treat. This is mandatory if victim is conscious. If victim is a child, determine if parent or guardian is present. If victim unconscious, consent is ++++++If tx refused, this must be respected. However, if obvious care req, call EMS.
Try to determine what happened. Do not assume. Ask victim. Many people have medic alert. Also, are there other victims?
Follow standard precautions. Carry disposable gloves and barrier device for mouth to mouth.First Aid Kit
Enlist help of bystanders to call for help, reroute traffic, deal with onlookers.
Never move victim. Only exception if victim life in danger.Support injured extremities. Move back as unit.
Stay calm. If more than you can handle, call EMS immed.
consent
implied
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
CPR- performed when the victim is not breathing and has no ++++. Includes rescue breathing and chest compressions to stimulate cardiac blood flow.
Rescue breathing- a technique for which the rescuer breathes for the victim. Done when victim is not _____
Obstructed airway
Advanced cardiac life support _____- for adult care. Includes CPR, but main focus interpretation of cardiac rhythms and determination of the medication to administer.
Pediatric advanced life support (PALS)= child careIncludes CPR, but main focus interpretation of cardiac rhythms and determination of the medication to administer.
pulse
breathing
ACLS
First Aid
Always observe _____precautions
Carry gloves
Use barrier
CPR
First priority in emergency
If CPR not needed, assess for other problems
standard
Allergic Reactions
Mild and moderate reactions triggered by skin contact, ingestion, inhalation, or injection.
Severe reaction- occurs upon development of allergy
Anaphylactic shock- respiratory system swells to the point it is prevented from entering the lungs.Death will follow if not treated immediately
_____ and stings- Localized reaction. Redness, pain, and swelling. Allergic reaction may occur. do not forcibly remove a tick. Call EMS if poisonous. Treat allergic reaction if one exists. Stay with victim at least an hour. Clean the area. Remove confining clothes or jewlery. Cold compress. Victim should observe for infection, redness, swell etc.
bites
Bleeding and Wounds
Hemorrhage- _____ bleeding. Bleeding occurs when blood vessel is +++++
Arterial bleeding is brighter red and comes out in spurts with each heartbeat. Must be ____ asap.
Venous bleeding flows evenly and results in a great deal of blood loss.
Follow standard precautions for wound victims and bleeding.
Do not use tourniquet in emergency ____
heavy
damaged
care
stopped
Bleeding and Wounds
External bleeding- drains to outside of the body thru the skin
Internal bleeding- ++++ the body
Wounds- damage to soft tissue thru violence or +++++
Sucking wounds- bubbling from any wound of the neck or +++. Caused by air passing thru a wound of the respiratory system. Difficulty breathing because air is escaping as they breathe. Airtight dressing.
Amputations- After approp first aid, try to locate the severed part. Rinse and wrap in moist cloth in plastic container or bag. Could also place in ice and water. It might be able to be reattached.Lowering the temp of the body part might extend the time for reattachment.
inside
trauma
chest
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries
Fractures and joint dislocations- Joint dislocations are dislocated from their sockets.
Open fracture- the broken bone ____ from the skin.
Closed fracture- a ___ bone that does not break the skin.
Joint dislocation- when bone becomes +++++ from socket.
Muscle strain- result from sudden tearing of muscle fibers during exertion.
Sprainp torn ligament fibers that result in loosening of a joint.
protrudes
broken
dislocated
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries
Fractures and joint dislocations- Joint dislocations are dislocated from their sockets.
Open fracture- the broken bone ____ from the skin.
Closed fracture- a ___ bone that does not break the skin.
Joint dislocation- bone becomes ++++ from socket
Muscle strain- result from sudden tearing of muscle fibers during exertion.
Sprainp torn ligament fibers that result in loosening of a joint.
protrudes
broken
dislocated
Applying ++++ pressure helps stop bleeding
Tourniquet should not be used
Changing dressings increases bleeding
Should only be reinforced as needed
Not changed
direct
Applying ++++ pressure helps stop bleeding
Tourniquet should not be used
Changing dressings increases bleeding
Should only be reinforced as needed
Not changed
direct
Facial Injuries
Eye injuries- can result in loss of ____
Ear injuries- can result in loss of hearing
Nose injuries- most nose bleeds stop on their own.
vision
Burns
Heat- Flames, hot liquids, or +++. Extinguish the fire and move victim to well-ventilated area.
Radiation, such as sunburn. Move the victim, cool the burn, apply dressing. Prevent chilling.
Chemicals- household and environmental products. Prevent contact with chemical. Move victim, flush burn away from body,
Electrical current- cords, lines, or lightening. Do not touch victim, do not cool the burn, apply clean dry dressing, Prevent chilling and do not move victim.
First degree- Superficial
Second degree- Partial _____
Third degree- Full thickness
grease
thickness
Facial Injuries
Eye injuries- can result in loss of ____
Ear injuries- can result in loss of hearing
Nose injuries- most nose bleeds stop on their own.
vision
Burns
Heat- Flames, hot liquids, or +++. Extinguish the fire and move victim to well-ventilated area.
Radiation, such as sunburn. Move the victim, cool the burn, apply dressing. Prevent chilling.
Chemicals- household and environmental products. Prevent contact with chemical. Move victim, flush burn away from body,
Electrical current- cords, lines, or lightening. Do not touch victim, do not cool the burn, apply clean dry dressing, Prevent chilling and do not move victim.
Steps
Stop burning
Cool burned area
Cover burned area
TREAT: Stop burning, Cool burned area, and Cover burned area
grease
Drug-Related Problems
Misuse or overuse of any drug
Drug overdose- There may be behavioral changes like hallucinations, overexcitation, and agitation. Difficulty ____, drowsiness, tremors, Size of the pupil smaller. Nausea, vomiting, seizures, and unconsciousness.
Withdrawal from addictive drugsp behavioral changes (depression, anxiety, restlessness, hallucinations, agitation). Nausea and vomiting. Seizures. Drug-seeking behav a focus.
breathing
Poisonings
Ingestion- swallowing. GI symptoms: nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, abodominal ___, or loss of appetite. The skin may be pale and the vicitim feel dizzy, weak, irritable or drowsy. Pain while swallowing or burn around mouth. Seizures of loss of consciousness.
Inhalation- Breathing. Similar to signs and symptoms for ++++
pain
ingestion
Drug-Related Problems
Misuse or overuse of any drug
Drug overdose- There may be behavioral changes like hallucinations, overexcitation, and agitation. Difficulty ____, drowsiness, tremors, Size of the pupil smaller. Nausea, vomiting, seizures, and unconsciousness.
Withdrawal from addictive drugsp behavioral changes (depression, anxiety, restlessness, hallucinations, agitation). Nausea and vomiting. Seizures. Drug-seeking behav a focus.
breathing
Drug-Related Problems
Misuse or overuse of any drug
Drug overdose- There may be behavioral changes like hallucinations, overexcitation, and agitation. Difficulty ____, drowsiness, tremors, Size of the pupil smaller. Nausea, vomiting, seizures, and unconsciousness.
Withdrawal from addictive drugsp behavioral changes (depression, anxiety, restlessness, hallucinations, agitation). Nausea and vomiting. Seizures. Drug-seeking behav a focus.
breathing
Drug-Related Problems
Misuse or overuse of any drug
Drug overdose- There may be behavioral changes like hallucinations, overexcitation, and agitation. Difficulty ____, drowsiness, tremors, Size of the pupil smaller. Nausea, vomiting, seizures, and unconsciousness.
Withdrawal from addictive drugsp behavioral changes (depression, anxiety, restlessness, hallucinations, agitation). Nausea and vomiting. Seizures. Drug-seeking behav a focus.
breathing
Drug-Related Problems
Misuse or overuse of any drug
Drug overdose- There may be behavioral changes like hallucinations, overexcitation, and agitation. Difficulty ____, drowsiness, tremors, Size of the pupil smaller. Nausea, vomiting, seizures, and unconsciousness.
Withdrawal from addictive drugsp behavioral changes (depression, anxiety, restlessness, hallucinations, agitation). Nausea and vomiting. Seizures. Drug-seeking behav a focus.
breathing
Poisonings
Ingestion- swallowing. GI symptoms: nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, abodominal ___, or loss of appetite. The skin may be pale and the vicitim feel dizzy, weak, irritable or drowsy. Pain while swallowing or burn around mouth. Seizures of loss of consciousness.
Inhalation- Breathing. Similar to signs and symptoms for ++++
pain
ingestion
Poisonings
Ingestion- swallowing. GI symptoms: nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, abodominal ___, or loss of appetite. The skin may be pale and the vicitim feel dizzy, weak, irritable or drowsy. Pain while swallowing or burn around mouth. Seizures of loss of consciousness.
Inhalation- Breathing. Similar to signs and symptoms for ++++
pain
ingestion
Poisonings
Ingestion- swallowing. GI symptoms: nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, abodominal ___, or loss of appetite. The skin may be pale and the vicitim feel dizzy, weak, irritable or drowsy. Pain while swallowing or burn around mouth. Seizures of loss of consciousness.
Inhalation- Breathing. Similar to signs and symptoms for ++++
pain
ingestion
Poisonings
Ingestion- swallowing. GI symptoms: nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, abodominal ___, or loss of appetite. The skin may be pale and the vicitim feel dizzy, weak, irritable or drowsy. Pain while swallowing or burn around mouth. Seizures of loss of consciousness.
Inhalation- Breathing. Similar to signs and symptoms for ++++
pain
ingestion
Temp Related Injuries
Frostbite- Skin begins to ++++ in cold weather. On extremities or exposed areas. If the body temp drop below normal= hypothermia. Treat hypothermia before frostbite. If respirations below 6 per min, rescue breathing, Warm packs. Warm, sweet fluids. Can occur inside or out. Do not thaw out area. Remove constrict clothes. Place in warm water or apply warm cloth. Sterile dry dressing, esp betwn frostbit fingers. Newborns and elderly susceptible. ____ body temp inc above normal. Loss of fluids and salt.Elderly newborns, unhealthy, obesity, excessive exercise, and injestion of alcohol.
Heat Cramps- muscle cramps in the abdomen and legs. Lightheaded and weak. Heat exhaustion worse, skin pale or red. Headache. Thirst, weakness, dizziness. Pupils dilated. Irrational behav.No fluids with alcohol or caffeine. No salt tablets or aspirin. Move victim to shade and cool, and fan them. Cool water, cold towels. No alcohol rub.
Heat Stroke- Confusion, weakness, seizures. Breathing rapid and shallow. Constricted pupils. May be unconscious. NO liquids with heat stroke. If EMS not immed there, immerse cold water. EMS will start IV.
freeze
hyperthermia
Heat stroke and ingested poison victims should not be given ____
fluids
Other Conditions
Breathing difficulty- Many sudden illnesses and injuries. Shortness of breath, coughing, audible sounds, exaggerated use of chest muscles. Mouth or fingertips may be pale or +++++.l No pillow.Loosen constrictive clothing. Ask pt if take mediction for +++++ and call EMS.
Hyperventilation- rapid breathing that causes CO2 level in blood to fall too low. Most common cause +++++, but may also be illness, injury, or certain meds.Breathe into paper bag or hold one nostril closed. Or have them cup ____ over breathing.Returns CO2 level to normal.
Chest pain (angina)- pain associated with a lack of O2 getting to heart muscle. Damage to heart muscle from a lack of O2 is a heart attack. Dull or crushing pain that may radiate to shoulder, arm, or jaw. Angina felt in females in jaw, upper arms, and back. Difficulty breathing and palpitations, sweating. Call EMS. Stop activity, take meds if available, nothing to eat or drink, loosen constricted clothing, rescue breathing if stop breathing. CPR if heart stops.
Diabetes- Lack of adequate blood insulin production results in elevated blood sugar. If victim knows blood sugar too low, assist with shot. Hyperglycemia develops gradually and refers to excessive thirst, _____, and urination.Vomiting, flushed skin, rapid breathing, and a fruity smell to breath. Confusion if not treated, diabetic coma. Get MD. If pt conscious, give unsweetened fruit liquids. Hypoglycemia develops more rapidly and refers to sweating, hunger, confusion, pale skin, and poor concentration. Insulin reaction and may lead to coma and death. Fruit sweet liquids, later protein. When in doubt,give sweet.
Fainting (syncope)- brief period of unconsciousness that comes on from low blood sugar, standing too long, low BP, Sometimes dizziness weakness, naseua, and blurred vision but not always. Loss of consciousness after head injury not syncope but concussion. Assit to floor, place on back and elevate the legs. No pillow. Loosen clothing. Do not throw water, shake, or slap. If vomitting occurs, turn head to side. Call EMS if not conscious in 5 minutes.
Fever (hyperthermia)- rise in temp due to infection. Remove excess clothing, damp cloth to cool, Call MD, Persist fever over 24 hours need to be evaluated. Call EMS if diff breathing or unsual skin color.
bluish
breathing
anxiety
hands
hunger
Bandaging
Sling- used to support and injured shoulder, collarbone, or ____. If arm broken, apply splint first. Can be made from large, triangular cloth. Top corner over pt noninjured side. Tie sling around neck. check for ____
Spiral wrap- arms, legs, and trunk of body.
Figure-eight wrap- bandages a joint such as ankle, elbow, or ___
Bandage to finger- Can be made from thin strip of gauze or cloth. Monitor for dec in circulation.
arm
circulaton
wrist