Chp 15 The Autonomic Nervous System

Front 1

Sympathetic
(Thoracolumbar)

Back 1

One of the two subdivisions of the ANS, having cell bodies of preganglionic neurons in the lateral gray columns of the thoracic segment and the first 2 or 3 lumbar segments of the spinal cord; primarily concerned with processes involving expenditure of energy.

Front 2

Parasympathetic
(Craniosacral)

Back 2

One of the two subdivisions of the ANS, having cell bodies of preganglionic neurons in nuclei in the brain stem and in the lateral gray horn of the sacral portion of the spinal cord; primarily concerned with activities that conserve and restore body energy.

Front 3

Preganglionic Fiber

Back 3

The first autonomic motor neuron in an autonomic pathway, with its cell body and dendrites in the brain or spinal cord and its myelinated axon ending at an autonomic ganglion, where it synapses with a postganglionic neuron.

Front 4

Postganglionic Fiber

Back 4

The second autonomic motor neuron in an autonomic pathway, having its cell body and dendrites located in an autonomic ganglion and its unmyelinated axon ending at cardiac muscle, smooth muscle or a gland.

Front 5

Sympathetic Trunk

Back 5

A cluster of cell bodies of sympathetic postganglionic neurons lateral to the vertebral column, close to the body of a vertebra. These ganglia extend inferiorly through the neck, thorax, and abdomen to the coccyx on both sides of the vertebral column and are connected to one another to form a chain on each side of the vertebral column.

Front 6

Cervical Chain Ganglia

Back 6

A cluster of cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetic neurons located in the neck, near the vertebral column.

Front 7

Prevertebral Ganglia

Back 7

A cluster of cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetic neurons anterior to the spinal column and close to large abdominal arteries.

Front 8

Terminal Ganglia

Back 8

A cluster of cell bodies of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons either lying very close to the visceral effectors or located within the walls of the visceral effectors supplied by the postganglionic neurons. Includes vagal, otic, pterygopalatine, ciliary, submandibular.

Front 9

Autonomic Plexus

Back 9

A network of sympathetic and parasympathetic axons; examples are the cardiac, celiac and pelvic plexuses, which are located in the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis, respectively.

Front 10

Spanchnic Nerves

Back 10

Pertaining to the viscera.

Front 11

Cholinergic

Back 11

A neuron that liberates acetylcholine as its neurotransmitter.

Front 12

Adrenergic

Back 12

A neuron that releases epinephrine (adrenaline) or norepinephrine (noradrenaline) as its neurotransmitter.

Front 13

Nicotinic

Back 13

Receptor for the neurotransmitter acetylecholine found on both sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons and on skeletal muscle in the motor end plate; so named because nicotine activates these receptors but does not activate muscarinic receptors for acetylcholine.

Front 14

Muscarinic

Back 14

Receptor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine found on all effectors innervated by parasympathetic postganglionic axons and on sweat glands innervated by cholinergic sympathetic postganglionic axons; so named because muscarine activates these receptors but does not activate nicotinic receptors for acetylcholine.

Front 15

Alpha Receptors

Back 15

A type of receptor for norepinephrine and epinephrine; present on visceral effectors innervated by sympathetic postganglionic neurons.

Front 16

Beta Receptors

Back 16

A type of adrenergic receptor for epinephrine and norepinephrine; found on visceral effectors innervated by sympathetic postganglionic neurons.