Chp 11 Envir Mph

Front 1

Much of the world continues to inappropriately dispose of refuse which:

Back 1

1) invites the proliferation of rodents and insects;
(2) becomes a source of contamination to groundwater;
(3) pollutes ambient air when combusted;
(4) facilitates the spread of debris around the dumping site;
(5) lowers property values about the site; and
(6) encourages the spread of disease from microorganisms and toxic
chemicals.

Front 2

act: of 1976 forbade open dumping
and introduced the concept of the sanitary landfill.

Back 2

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA

Front 3

this includes paper, paperboard, yard trimmings, food wastes, plastics, glass, metal and wood

Back 3

munciple solid wase

Front 4

The USEPA endorsed several different practices to reduce municipal solid waste
(MSW) that include:

Back 4

(1) source reduction (including reuse of products and backyard composting of
yard trimmings);
(2) recycling of materials (including composting); and
(3) waste combustion (preferably with energy recovery) and landfilling.

Front 5

what is the largest compnonet of MSW

Back 5

paper follwoed by food then plastics

Front 6

the removal of solid wase is the responsibility of the ____ which must develop and enforce regulatiosn that protect he public helath by proper colleciton and dispoal of municple wase

Back 6

government

Front 7

nationally more thatn half of the totaal MWS collectioned about 30 percent is ____ for recyling while 14 percent is _____

Back 7

recovered, combusted

Front 8

landfills must have what now

Back 8

bottom liners compsoed of clay or some fibers

Front 9

Landfills are not secure
Landfill caps or covers are meant to be impermeable but can be disturbed by:

Back 9

burrowing and soil-dwelling animals; roots of vegetation;
precipitation; freeze-thaw cycles; wind;
uneven settling; migration of chemicals of objects;
exposure to sunlight.

Front 10

what region has fewest landfilles,

Back 10

northeast united states

Front 11

what is the trened in recovery rates

Back 11

increasing since mid 1980s

Front 12

most of recovry appear to be in ____

Back 12

paper 56%

Front 13

_____ is a controlled process of degrading organic matter into humus

Back 13

composting

Front 14

compist can be used for _____ mitigateion, land relcmaion, storm filtrates, mucles aand low grade fertilizers

Back 14

wetland

Front 15

WTE is what

Back 15

WAse to energy by the combustion of msw

Front 16

The definition of hazardous waste in RCRA includes any discarded material
that may pose a substantial threat or potential danger to human health or
the environment when improperly handled

Back 16

the resoruce conservation and recovery act of 1976 RCRA

Front 17

RCRA employs a process called the "cradle-to-grave" system and is meant to
protect public health by:

Back 17

(1) defining what wastes are hazardous;
(2) tracking wastes to the point of disposal;
(3) assuring that treatment, storage, and disposal (TSD) facilities meet
minimum national standards;
(4) and making certain TSDs are properly maintained after closure, and
that facility owner/operators are financially responsible for hazardous
waste releases that may occur at their facility.

Front 18

amemdents to RCRA resource conservation and recorcery act are:

Back 18

HSWA hazardous and solid waste amendments

Front 19

The HSWA focuses on protecting groundwater by:

Back 19

(1) restricting the treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous
wastes in land management facilities;
(2) mandating stricter requirements for landfills accepting hazardous
waste;
(3) requiring a schedule for determining if the landfilling of
untreated hazardous waste should be phased out;
(4) increasing the numbers of people who fall under RCRA regulations
by including small quantity generators; and
(5) creating a new program for the detection, control, and management
of hazardous liquids (primarily petroleum) in underground storage
tanks.

Front 20

The three major options for managing hazardous waste include:

Back 20

(1) reducing the production of waste by reducing the amount generated or
recycling/reusing the hazardous material after its generation;
(2) reducing the volume and/or hazard off the waste; and
(3) long-term storage or disposal (Fig_11-25).

Front 21

superfund

Back 21

In December of 1980, congress passed the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA).

Front 22

This Act, also known as "Superfund", authorized the federal government to
spend $1.6 billion over a five year period for emergency clean-up
activities.

Back 22

cercla