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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Shoulder joint motions (glenohumeral) |
flexion/extension/hyperextension abduction and adduction medial and lateral rotation horizontal abduction and adduction circumduction scaption- 30 degrees forward of frontal plane |
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What movement occurs in the sagittal plane around frontal axis |
flexion-0-180 degrees extension- return to anatomical position hyperextension- 45 degrees |
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What movements occur in the frontal plane around the sagittal axis |
abduction and adduction with 180 degrees |
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Transverse plane around vertical axis |
medial/lateral rotation- 90 degrees in each direction horizontal abduction/adduction |
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Soft tissue stretch |
normal end feel for all shoulder joint motions |
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Shoulder Joint structures |
Joint capsule coracohumeral ligament glenoid labrum rotator cuff (sits muscles) thoracolumbar fascia |
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Joint capsule |
thin walled spacious container that attaches around the rim of the glenoid fossa of the scapula and the anatomical neck of the humerus. glenoidhumeral ligaments reinforce the anterior portion |
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Coracohumeral ligament |
attaches from the lateral side of the coracoid process and spans the joint anteriorly to the medial side of the greater tubercle. strengthens the upper part of joint capsule |
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Glenoid labrum |
fibrous ring that surrounds the rim of the glenoid fossa. deepens the articular cavity |
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Rotator cuff (sits muscles) |
subcapularis supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor keeps the head of the humerus rotating against the glenoid fossa during joint motion |
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Thoracolumbar fascia |
superficial fibrous sheet that attaches to the spinous processes of the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, suprspinal ligament, and the posterior part of the iliac crest, covering the sacrospinalis muscle. provides broad attachment for the latissimus dorsi muscle. |
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Muscles of the Shoulder Joint |
deltoid- anterior, middle, posterior pectoralis major- clavicular & sternal portion latissimus dorsi teres major supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis coracobrachialis biceps brachii triceps brachii |
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Anterior Deltoid |
origin- lateral third of clavicle insertion- deltoid tuberosity action- shoulder abduction, flexion,internal rotation, horizontal adduction nerve- axillary (C5-C6) |
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Middle Deltoid |
origin- acromion process insertion- deltoid tuberosity action- shoulder abduction nerve- axillary (C5-C6) |
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Posterior Deltoid |
origin- spine of scapula insertion- deltoid tuberosity action- should abduction, extension/hyperextension, external rotation, horizontal abduction nerve- axillary (C5-C6) |
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Inchworm Effect |
concept that describes the action of the should girdle and the deltoid muscles especially the middle during shoulder abduction. origin of deltoid moves away from the insertion on the humerus. this motion lengthens the muscle restoring its contractile potential and allows it to continue to effectively contract throughtout its entire range. |
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Pectoralis Major |
origin- clavicular portion- medial 3rd of clavicle sternal portion- costal cartilage of ribs 1-6 insertion- lateral lip of bicipital groove action- clavicular portion- 1st 60 degrees of shoulder flexion. sternal portion- 1st 60 degrees of shoulder extension shoulder adduction, internal rotation, horizontal adduction nerve- lateral and medial pectoral nerve (C5-T1) |
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Latissimus Dorsi |
origin- spinous process T7-L5, posterior surface of sacrum, iliac crest, lower 3 ribs insertion- medial floor of bicipital groove on anterior humerus action- shoulder extension, internal rotation, adduction, hyperextension nerve- thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8) |
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Coracobrachialis |
origin- coracoid process of scapula insertion- medial surface of humerus mid shaft action- stabilize the shoulder joint nerve- musculocutaneous nerve (C6-C7) |
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Teres Major |
origin- axillary border of scapula near inferior angle insertion- anteriorly on humerus at crest below lesser tubercle action-shoulder extension, internal rotation,adduction nerve- lower subscapula nerve (C5-C7) latissimus dorsi's "little helper" |
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Supraspinatus |
origin- supraspinatus fossa insertion- greater tubercle action- abduction nerve- suprascapular nerve (C5-C6) |
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Infraspinatus |
origin-infraspinatous fossa insertion- greater tubercle action- horizontal abduction, external rotation nerve- suprascapular nerve (C5-C6) |
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Teres Minor |
origin- axillary border near inferior angle insertion- greater tubercle action- horizontal abduction, external rotation nerve- axillary nerve (C5-C6) |
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Subscapularis |
origin- subscapular fossa insertion- lesser tubercle of humerus action- internal rotation nerve- upper and lower subscapular nerve (C5-C6) |
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Anatomical relationship between shoulder girdle and joint |
Girdle- muscles attach to the scapula and trunk to move or stabilize the scapula Joint- muscles attach to the scapula and humerus to move the arm. superficial to girdle This arrangement allows both sets of muscles to function without getting in each other's way. |
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Muscle innervation |
injury below C6 will keep shoulder joint movements intact but yield weak shoulder extension injury below C5 will weaken all shoulder joint movement and weaken shoulder extension |
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Major nerves of the upper limb |
musculocutaneous ulnar radial median axillary |
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Common shoulder pathologies |
acromioclavicular seperation clavicular fracture shoulder dislocation impingement syndrome adhesive capsulitis(frozen shoulder) calcific tendonitis rotator cuff tear |
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acromioclavicular separation |
1st degree- stretched ligaments 2nd degree- stretched/torn ligaments 3rd degree- ruptured ligaments |
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Clavicular fracture |
from fall on outstretched hand, most common in children |
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shoulder dislocation |
extreme abduction and external rotation causes humeral head to slide anteriorly out of glenoid fossa |
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Impingement Syndrome |
overuse where there is compression between acromial arch, humeral head, and soft tissues. swimmer's shoulder |
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adhesive capsullitis |
inflammation and fibrosis of joint capsule, leads to pain and loss of motion. frozen shoulder |
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Calcific tendonitis |
chronis inflammation that causes accumulation of mineral deposits, may be symptomatic or asymptomatic, common in supraspinatus tendon |
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Rotator cuff tear |
tear of insertion tendons of SITS muscles from greater/lesser tubercle of humerus. may be chronic or acute |