Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
parasympatholytic definition
|
block parasympathetic system (which is what cholinergic antagonists do)
|
|
|
atropine is selective for m2 t/f
|
false it is non-selective
pirenzepine is selective for m1 over m2 |
|
|
antimuscarinics will have little to no effect on ______ but a common side effect is _____
|
no effect on ganglia (all nicotinergic)
dry mouth is common |
|
|
antimuscarinic are useful in treating parkinson's, explain
|
parkinsons- too much ACH- tremor -so lower amount of ACH
|
|
|
antimuscarinic effect on eye
|
mydriasis- can precipitate glaucoma if person has narrow anterior chamber
cycloplegia |
|
|
antimuscarinic activity on the CV
|
-sympathetic dominates but because of blockage of autoreceptors- more ACH is released so bradycardia
|
|
|
Antimuscarinic effects on CV and on Respiratory system
|
CV- not that much- slight tachycardia
slight bronchodilation and reduction in secretion, primarily used during inhalation anesthesia to reduce secretions and prevent laryngospasm |
|
|
antimuscarinic effects on sweat glands
|
blocks SYMPATHETIC (only symp muscarinic)
atropine fever |
|
|
antimuscarinics on parkinsons include
|
benztropine
biperiden orphenadrine trihexyphenidyl (dec ACH, reduce tremor) |
|
|
antimuscarinic for motion sickness
|
scopolamine (large CNS effects like drowsiness
|
|
|
antimuscarinic for ophthalmologic disorder
|
causes cycloplegia (good for measuring refractive error) and mydriasis (ophthalmoscopic examination of retina), do not use if mydriasis is only goal alpha agonists are better and shorter acting
|
|
|
duration of action: scopolamine
|
3-7 d
|
|
|
duration of action: atropine
|
7-10d
|
|
|
duration of action: homatropine
|
1-3d
|
|
|
duration of action: cyclopentolate
|
1d
|
|
|
duration of action: tropicamide
|
.25d
|
|
|
duration of action: tropicamide + hydroxyamphetamine
|
.25d
|
|
|
respiratory disorder
|
atropine or hyoscyamine used during anesthesia to inhibit inc airway secretions. Side effect: exacerbates postoperative urinary retention and intestinal hypomobility
|
|
|
antimuscarinics in aerosol form used for asthma and COPD including agents:
|
-ipratropium,
-ipratropium and albuterol (combines with adrenergic activation), -tiotropium |
|
|
antimuscarinics and CV disorders
|
atropine is used for intraoperative bradycardia or bradycardia with MI. Too little will worsten bradycardia so be careful!
|
|
|
antimuscarinics and GI: effect and clinical drugs
|
reduce gastric emptying
atropine hyoscyamine glycopyrrolate can provide relief for diarrhea Lomotil (atropine and diphenoxylate |
|
|
antispasmodics and antimuscarinics
|
antimuscarinics for ibs and spastic colon
dicyclomine hyoscyamine |
|
|
genitourinary disorders and antimuscarinics
|
relieve urinary urgency and incontinence
oxybutynin tolterodine |
|
|
cholinergic poisoining and antimuscarinics
|
use atropine and PAM for cholinesterase regeneration
atropine useful for rapid onset poising in mushrooms, not delayed onset |
|
|
anticholinergic toxicitiy
|
blind as a bat (blurry)
dry as a bone (dry mouth) red as a beet (flushing) mad as a hatter (confusion) hot as a hare (hyperthermia can't see (mydriasis) cant pee (urinary retention) |
|
|
contraindications of antimuscarinics
|
glaucoma, prostatic hyperplasia (can cause urine retention
|
|
|
ganglionic blockade
|
prevents reflex activity
-stops predominating tone mecamylamine -clinical used for severe hypertension bc it inhibits reflexes |
|
|
antimuscarinic toxicity tx
|
physostigmine
|
|
|
ganglionic blockade and organ system effects
|
-stops predominating system which all is parasympathetic except BV, sweat glands and genitourinary tract
CNS- sedation, tremor, choreiform Eye- cycloplegia and mydriasis CV- tachycardia but hypotension (bc of vasodilation and dec peripheral resistance) |
|
|
neuromusclar blocking drugs:
uses categories |
adjuncts to general anesthesia
-depolarizing (activate nicotinic receptor) -non-depolarizing |
|
|
nicotinic ACH receptors states
|
-resting (none bound)
-open: -2 molecules of ACh bound and ion channel open -desensitized (ion channel closed and ACh is still bound |
|
|
non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers administration, excretion
|
have to be IM or IV, inactive if orally, excretion by kidney results in longer duration
|
