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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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mecamylamine
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blocks postganglionic activation of PNS, SNS and release from adrenal medulla
(how?) |
noncompetitive antagonist of Nn receptors
antihypertensive no longer used (non-selective) |
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hemicholinium-3
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depletes acetylcholine from nerve terminals (by?)
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blocking rate-limiting step of ACh synthesis--choline uptake
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botulinum toxin action
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flaccid paralysis of skeletal muscle (how?)
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inactivates SNAP-25, preventing docking of ACh vesicle (reversible cholinergic denervation)
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botulinum toxin uses (3)
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given IM for spasms, or as a cosmetic; intradermal for axillary hyperhidrosis (side effects)
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can spread to cause dysphagia, breathing problems; ptosis, loss of facial expression, drooling, pain
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Prototypical muscarinic receptor-selective agents?
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muscarine (agonist) and atropine (antagonist)
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Nicotine is a high affinity agonist at ____ and low affinity agonist at _____.
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Nn Nm
(cigs don't have enough nicotine to stimulate response at neuromuscular juntion) |
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d-turbocurarine is a ______ antagonist at _____ receptors.
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competitive, Nm
(effect?) |
neuromuscular blockade that can be reversed with enough agonist
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reserpine inhibits ______ of ______.
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storage, catecholamines
(by?) |
irreversible inhibitor of VMAT-2; depletes catecholamines from adrenergic nerve terminals
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reserpine uses?
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little used antihypertensive and antipsychotic (side effects?)
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unopposed cholinergic effects (eg cramping and diarrhea) and psychotic depression.
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tyramine can be absorbed systemically from ___, ___, ___ in people taking _______
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cheese, beer/wine, soy sauce, smoked meats; MAOIs
(mechanism/effect?) |
dumping of NE into synaptic cleft via NET rather than vesicles can cause hypertensive crisis
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Methyldopa (prodrug) is an ______ of ____ receptors
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agonist, alpha-2
(used for?) |
controlling hypertension in pregnant women (with side effects of hyperprolactinemia, parkinsonism, sedation and dry mouth)
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Methyldopa (prodrug) is an ______ of ____ receptors
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agonist, alpha-2
(used for?) |
controlling hypertension in pregnant women (with side effects of hyperprolactinemia, parkinsonism, sedation and dry mouth)
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bethanechol classification
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choline ester selective for M3 receptors of bladder and GI (used for?)
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postoperative and postpartum urinary retention (stimulates detruser and relaxes sphincters)
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bethanechol classification
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choline ester selective for M3 receptors of bladder and GI (used for?)
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postoperative and postpartum urinary retention (stimulates detruser and relaxes sphincters)
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pilocarpine classification
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alkaloid (crosses BBB) partial agonist of all muscarinic subtypes
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orally for sjogren's; topically for wide-angle glaucoma
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cevimeline classification
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alkaloid selective agonist for M3 receptors in lacrimal and salivary glands
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treatment of dry mouth/eyes in Sjogren's (fewer side-effects and longer duration of action than pilocarpine)
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in the case of parasympathomimetic overdose...
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give atropine (receptor antagonist) or epinephrine (physiological antagonist)
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atropine mechanism
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competitive blockade of muscarinic receptors; alkaloid so can cross BBB (selectivity?)
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no selectivity among subtypes; local administration determines effect
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uses of atropine
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reducing secretions preoperatively; cardiac resuscitation; rarely used to dilate eyes due to long duration; antidote
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antidote to atropine?
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physostigmine (works by?)
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cholinesterase inhibitor, can cross BBB, works at CNS and peripherally
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scopolamine used for?
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suppressing vomiting and motion sickness; opposite dosage effect as atropine in that_____
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it's a sedative at low doses rather than a stimulant
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ipratropium bromide classification/use
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anticholinergic used for asthma and COPD
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tropicamide classification/use?
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anticholinergic for diagnostic dilation (with blurred vision and photophobia for only six hours!)
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tolterodine (detrol) classification and use?
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nonselective muscarinic antagonist for urge incontinence
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-stigmine
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antichoinesterase inhibitors
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short-acting/reversible AchE inhibitors
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edrophonium (hydrogen bonding/ionic interaction) and neostigmine (ionic bond and covalent bond)
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