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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Chemistry |
The science that describes matter – it's properties, the changes it undergoes, in the energy changes that accompany those processes |
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Matter |
Anything that has mass and occupies space |
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Mass |
The amount of matter in an object |
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Volume |
The amount of space occupied by an object |
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Element |
A pure substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means |
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Atom |
The smallest particle of an element |
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Compound |
A peer substance that can be broken down by chemical means |
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Molecule |
A group of two or more atoms functioning as a unit |
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Diatomic molecules |
Molecules that exist as two atoms together |
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Scientific method |
A process for experimentation that is used to explore observations and answer questions |
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Hypothesis |
Tentative explanation or an educated guess |
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Theory |
A model that describes a particular set of scientific data |
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Scientific law |
A general statement based on the observed behavior of matter to you which no exceptions are known |
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Law of conservation of mass |
The mass is neither gained nor lost in a chemical reaction or physical change; during a chemical reaction or physical change energy is neither created nor destroyed, it is transformed from one form to another |
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Physical properties |
Readily observable without chemically altering the substance, like; color, size, luster, odor, density, melting point, and boiling point. |
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Chemical properties |
Are only observable durning a chemical reaction |
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Physical changes |
Changes that do not result in the production of a new substance |
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Chemical changes |
Changes that result in the production of another substance |
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Extensive |
Depend on quantity of material involved, like; mass and volume |
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Intensive |
Are independent of the material involved, like; malting point, boiling point, color, and density |
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Pure substance |
Matter in which all samples of identical composition and properties |
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Mixture |
The combination of two or more substances in which none of the components chemically reaction with one another |
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Heterogeneous mixture |
If matter is not uniform throughout, doesn't mix well |
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Homogeneous mixture |
If matters uniform throughout, mixes well |
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The metric system |
Hey decimal system with multiples or subdivisions of 10 |
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Weight |
Force of gravity on an object |
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Standard mass |
A result of comparing an unknown mass with a known mass |
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Random error |
Cause data from multiple measurements of same quantity to be scattered in more or less uniform way around some average value |
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Systematic error |
Causes data to be either smaller or larger than the accepted value |
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Significant figures |
Defined to be all digits in the number representing data or results that are known with certainty plus one uncertain digit |
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Significant figures |
Defined to be all digits in the number representing data or results that are known with certainty plus one uncertain digit |
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Error |
The difference between the true value and our estimation of value |
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Scientific notation |
The numerical system where decimal number expressed as a product of a number times 10 raised in the power |
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Density |
Mass divided by volume |
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Specific gravity |
The density of a substance divided by the density of water |
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Heat |
Tendency to be transferred, always flows from hot to cold |
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Absolute zero |
Zero in the Kelvin scale, natures lowest temperature or the temperature at which all molecular motion is said to stop |
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Endothermic process |
Absorbs energy from their surroundings |
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Exothermic process |
Release energy to their surroundings |
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Joule |
The SI unit for energy, older energy unit - calorie |
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Calorie |
The heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1°C |
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Specific heat |
The quantity of heat required to change the temperature of 1 g of a substance 1°C |
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q |
Heat expressed either in joules or calories |
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m |
Mass in grams |
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C |
The specific heat in joules/grams degrees Celsius or calories/ grams degrees Celsius |
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🔼 |
Change |
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🔼 |
Change |
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T |
Temperature in degrees Celsius |