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48 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Chemistry

The science that describes matter it's properties, the changes it undergoes, in the energy changes that accompany those processes

Matter

Anything that has mass and occupies space

Mass

The amount of matter in an object

Volume

The amount of space occupied by an object

Element

A pure substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means

Atom

The smallest particle of an element

Compound

A peer substance that can be broken down by chemical means

Molecule

A group of two or more atoms functioning as a unit

Diatomic molecules

Molecules that exist as two atoms together

Scientific method

A process for experimentation that is used to explore observations and answer questions

Hypothesis

Tentative explanation or an educated guess

Theory

A model that describes a particular set of scientific data

Scientific law

A general statement based on the observed behavior of matter to you which no exceptions are known

Law of conservation of mass

The mass is neither gained nor lost in a chemical reaction or physical change; during a chemical reaction or physical change energy is neither created nor destroyed, it is transformed from one form to another

Physical properties

Readily observable without chemically altering the substance, like; color, size, luster, odor, density, melting point, and boiling point.

Chemical properties

Are only observable durning a chemical reaction

Physical changes

Changes that do not result in the production of a new substance

Chemical changes

Changes that result in the production of another substance

Extensive

Depend on quantity of material involved, like; mass and volume

Intensive

Are independent of the material involved, like; malting point, boiling point, color, and density

Pure substance

Matter in which all samples of identical composition and properties

Mixture

The combination of two or more substances in which none of the components chemically reaction with one another

Heterogeneous mixture

If matter is not uniform throughout, doesn't mix well

Homogeneous mixture

If matters uniform throughout, mixes well

The metric system

Hey decimal system with multiples or subdivisions of 10

Weight

Force of gravity on an object

Standard mass

A result of comparing an unknown mass with a known mass

Random error

Cause data from multiple measurements of same quantity to be scattered in more or less uniform way around some average value

Systematic error

Causes data to be either smaller or larger than the accepted value

Significant figures

Defined to be all digits in the number representing data or results that are known with certainty plus one uncertain digit

Significant figures

Defined to be all digits in the number representing data or results that are known with certainty plus one uncertain digit

Error

The difference between the true value and our estimation of value

Scientific notation

The numerical system where decimal number expressed as a product of a number times 10 raised in the power

Density

Mass divided by volume

Specific gravity

The density of a substance divided by the density of water

Heat

Tendency to be transferred, always flows from hot to cold

Absolute zero

Zero in the Kelvin scale, natures lowest temperature or the temperature at which all molecular motion is said to stop

Endothermic process

Absorbs energy from their surroundings

Exothermic process

Release energy to their surroundings

Joule

The SI unit for energy, older energy unit - calorie

Calorie

The heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1°C

Specific heat

The quantity of heat required to change the temperature of 1 g of a substance 1°C

q

Heat expressed either in joules or calories

m

Mass in grams

C

The specific heat in joules/grams degrees Celsius or calories/ grams degrees Celsius

🔼

Change

🔼

Change

T

Temperature in degrees Celsius